1. Ch16 Speaking to Persuasive
Annie Lee
Elaine Wang
Nana Tsai

2. Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Value

3. What Are Questions Of Value?
Question of value:
A question about the worth, rightness, morality and so forth of the idea or action.

4. Take Cloning As Example
“What are the scientific methods of cloning?”
answers are independent of the belief about the morality of cloning
“Is it morally identifiable to clone human beings?”
answer will depend not only on the factual knowledge about cloning, but also on the moral values

5. Analyzing Questions Of Value
Questions of value are not simply matters of personal opinion or whim(奇想).

6. Bicycle Riding
If you say, “I enjoy bicycle riding.”
make the statement of your personal taste
But if you say, “Bicycle riding is an ideal form of land transportation.”
make the statement of value
you must establish your standards for your value judgment

7. Organizing Speeches On Questions Of Value
Persuasive speeches on questions of value are almost always organized topically.
The most common way is to devote your first main point to establishing the standards for your value judgment and your second main point to applying the standards to subject of your speech.

8. Persuasive Speeches on Question of Policy

9. What is “question of policy”?
A question about dealing with specific courses of action.
When put formally, questions of policy usually include the word “should”.
→What measures should be taken to protect the United States against terrorist attacks?
→Should the electoral college be abolish?

10. Types of speeches on questions of policy
Speeches to “Gain passive agreement”
→ to persuade my audience that there should be stricter safety standards on amusement park rides
→ to persuade my audience that the United States should put greater emphasis on solar power to meet the country’s energy needs.

11. Types of speeches on questions of policy
Speeches to “Gain Immediate action”
→ to persuade my audience to begin a regular exercise program
→ to persuade my audience to vote in the next election
Key：tell them exactly what to do and how to do it

12. Analyzing Questions of Policy
Need
show a “need” in your agreement
→ Is there a need for more student parking on campus?
→ Is there a need for the school district to institute same-sex classrooms?
Plan
show your “solutions” to the problem
→What can we do to get more student parking on campus?
→ What topic should be taught in same classrooms?
Are same-sex classrooms appropriate for all grade levels?

13. Analyzing Questions of Policy
Practicality
show the “feasibility”
→Building a multilevel parking garage on campus would provide……
→Creating same-sex classrooms would be academically beneficial for some students…..

14. Organizing Speeches on Questions of Policy

15. Policy Organization Problem-solution Problem-cause-solution
Comparative advantages
Monroe’s motivated sequence

16. Problem-Solution Main Point I: Documents existence of problem
Main Point II:
Presents solution to problem

17. Problem-Solution Specific Purpose:
To persuade my audience that the U.S. Congress should pass legislation curbing the spread of phony pharmaceuticals.

18. Problem-Solution Main point:
I. The spread of phony pharmaceuticals is a serious problem.
II. Solving the problem of phony pharmaceuticals requires action by the federal government.

19. Problem-Cause-Solution
Main Point I:
Documents problem
Main Point II:
Analyzes causes
Main Point III:
Presents solution

20. Problem-Cause-Solution
Specific Purpose:
To persuade my audience that action is required to deal with the problem of childhood obesity.

21. Problem-Cause-Solution
Main points:
I. Childhood obesity is a major problem in the United States.
II. There are two major causes of the increase in childhood obesity.
III. Solving the problem requires dealing with both causes.

22. Comparative Adv.
Each main point explains why one solution is preferable to other

23. Comparative Adv. Specific Purpose:
To persuade my audience that automakers should put greater emphasis on developing hydrogen fuel-cell cars than gas-electric cars.

24. Comparative Adv. Main points:
I. Unlike hybrid cars, hydrogen cars run entirely without gasoline.
II. Unlike hybrid cars, hydrogen cars do not emit any air- polluting exhaust.

25. Motivated Sequence
Five-step sequence for speeches that seek immediate action

26. Motivated Sequence Attention: Gain attention Need:
Show need for change
Satisfaction:
Provide solution
Visualization:
Enhance solution by visualizing benefits
Action:
Urge action for solution

27. Conclusion