1. CONSIDERING EARLY MAN

2. ARCHAEOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, & PALEONTOLOGY
Archaeologist: A person who studies the remains of ancient societies to learn about past ways of life.
Anthropologist: A person who studies early human beings and the way societies and cultures originate and are organized.
Paleontologist: A person who studies life existing in prehistoric times through fossils of plants, animals, and other organisms.

3. HOW DO WE DATE ANCIENT FOSSILS & ARTIFACTS? Potassium Argon Dating
Radio Carbon Dating
+ Organic material, up to 50,000 years Rate of decay of radioactive carbon atoms.
Potassium Argon Dating
+ Dates stone, up to 3 billion years.

4. LAETOLI FOOTPRINTS Mary Leakey Tanzania, 1978 3.6 million years
One of earliest evidences of hominid existence.
Ash, rain, prints, sun, ash, plant growth.

5. LAETOLI FOOTPRINTS

6. Australopithecus Afarensis
LUCY

7. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT LUCY?
How old is she? Where was she found?
3.6 million years, Ethiopia.
How do we know?
Fossilized crocodile and turtle eggs, same sediment level.
Potassium argon dating method.
What is Lucy’s ultimate significance?
Oldest, most complete, best preserved skeletal remains of early hominid existence.

8. MORE ABOUT LUCY...
They think she died at 20 and suffered from severe arthritis.
How do they know???
Paleopathology
A paleopathologist is one who studies old and diseased things, specifically, diseases of human and animal as inferred from recent or fossilized skeletal remains.

10. CHART REFERENCE: AUSTRALOPITHCUS
Location:
Ethiopia, Tanzania (“southern ape”)
Time Period
4-1 million years ago
Physical Characteristics
3-5 ft. tall, 500 cubic centimeters cranial capacity (1/3 of modern human
Technology
used objects in crude form
Special Characteristics
1st hominid? Lucy and Laetoli footprints

11. A FOSSIL HUNTER'S DREAM
Olduvai Gorge - Area in northern Tanzania where Louis and Mary Leakey unearthed a skull of a Homo habilis.

12. Homo habilis
Skull fragments: 1.8 million years

13. Chart Reference: Homo habilis
Location: Tanzania (Olduvai Gorge), Leakey’s
Time Period: million years
Physical Characteristics
50% larger cranial capacity (750 cubic cm.)
Technology: stone tools found in Olduvai Gorge
Special characteristics: Beginning of stone age, (100 lbs of elephant meat carved in one hour!)

14. Homo erectus

16. LEAVING AFRICA

17. Chart Reference: Homo Erectus
Location:
Africa, Europe, S.W. Asia, S.E. Asia
Time Period: 2-1 million years
Physical Characteristics
Cranial capacity 1000 cubic cm, 6 ft. tall!
Technology: 1st to use fire
Special characteristics: 1st to leave Africa

18. NEANDERTHAL Take notes on the following during the video.
Two theories on the fate of Neanderthal
Theories as to why he became extinct
Evidence of sophistication

19. Chart Reference: Neanderthal
Location:
Europe, S.W. Asia (Neander Valley, Germany)
Time Period: 200,000-30,000 years
Technology:
Temporary shelters, wood, bone and stone tools, excellent hunters
Physical characteristics:
Cranial capacity of modern humans (bigger?), 10-20% heavier bone mass than modern man, low brow, barrel chest, 5-51/2 feet tall
Special Characteristics:
Burial ceremonies (afterlife?), evolution, or extinction?, braved the Ice Age

20. INTRODUCING CRO-MAGNON MAN...
(Anatomically modern man)

21. THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD
Archaeologists sometimes call the late Paleolithic period of Cro-Magnon man as “The Great Leap Forward.”
Compile a list of Cro-Magnon achievements that might justify this claim.

22. THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD

23. Cro-Magnon Technology Atlatl (Spear-thrower)

25. Cro-Magnon Tool Kit

26. Altamira, Spain
Discovered in Dates 12,000 – 25,000 BC.

28. Lascaux, France

30. Chart Reference: Cro-Magnon
Location: Africa, Europe, Asia, Americas
Time Period: 70,000-15,000 years BC
Physical Characteristics:
Modern Man, larynx (organized speech, 50 yr. life expectancy (Neanderthal=40)
Technology:
(over 100 tools) stone, bone wood=fish hook, spear, harpoon, atlatl, chisel, sewing needle,
Special Characteristics:
cave art, jewelry, “leap” in technology, creativity

31. THE DAWN OF AGRICULTURE Excavation at Jarmo, Iraq
Robert Braidwood
Excavation at Jarmo, Iraq

32. JARMO, IRAQ 1 of earliest Neolithic villages found
Settlement of people
Stone sickles, bowls
Domesticated goats, sheep and dogs
16 layers of sediment
16th=charred seeds of wheat and barley dating to 7,000 BC
1 of earliest known uses of agriculture

33. CATAL HUYUK - EXCAVATION SITE

34. Catal Huyuk – Neolithic Village

35. CATAL HUYUK South Central Turkey Neolithic village Population 6,0000
6,000 BC
Largest Neolithic village ever excavated
Shrines for worship, mother goddess
Evidence of agriculture, grain storage