1. The Peopling of the World Prehistory-2500 B.C.
Chapter 1
The Peopling of the World
Prehistory-2500 B.C.

2. Section 1: Human Origins in Africa

4. Scientists Search for Human Origins
Prehistory
5,000 years ago a time before writing

5. Scientific Clues Archaeologists Anthropologists Paleontologists
Specially trained scientists who work to uncover the story of prehistoric peoples
Archaeological digs are used to learn about early people
Study artifacts: human –made objects
Anthropologists
study culture: people’s unique way of life
Paleontologists
study fossils: evidence of early life preserved in rocks

6. Culture Definition: shared ways (traits) of doing things
Components of Culture
Common practices, shared understandings and social organization
How Culture is Learned
Observation and imitation
Taught through written or spoken language

7. Early Footprints Found
Mary Leaky
Laetoli in Tanzania in East Africa

8. 1978 Prehistoric footprints found in preserved volcanic ash
Australopithecines created footprints
Creatures that walk upright are
called hominids

9. U.S. anthropologist, Donald Johanson Ethiopia 1974
The Discovery of “Lucy”
U.S. anthropologist, Donald Johanson
Ethiopia
1974
Adult female hominid
Nicknamed “Lucy” after the song “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
3.5 Millions years old

10. Hominids Walk Upright
Lucy and other hominids who walked upright were australopithecines.
Walking helped them travel and watch for danger, carry food and children
Opposable thumbs were developed

11. The Old Stone Age Begins
Earlier and longer part of the Stone Age is called the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic Age
Invention of tools, fire and language
2.5 million to 8000 B.C.

12. The Old Stone Age Begins Continued…
New Stone Age or Neolithic Age
8000 B.C. – 3000 B.C.
Polish stone tools, make pottery, grow crops and raise animals

14. Homo Habilis May Have Used Tools
1960
Louis and Mary Leakey
Oldavai Gorge northern Tanzania
2.5 m.y.a fossil
Named Homo habilis
“man of skill”
Tools found with fossil

16. Homo Erectus Develops Technology
1.6 m.y.a
Homo erectus “upright man”
More intelligent and adaptable
species
Developed technology
First hominids to migrate from Africa
First to use fire
May have begun spoken language

17. The Dawn of Modern Humans
Believed that Homo erectus developed into Homo sapiens, “wise men”

18. The Dawn of Modern Humans Continued…
Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons traditionally are classified as early groups of Homo sapiens
1997 DNA tests has shown that Neanderthals were not ancestors of modern humans.

19. Neanderthal’s Way of Life
Quarry workers
Neander Valley in Germany
200,000 to 30,000 y.a. fossils
Developed religious beliefs and held rituals
60,000 y.a. funeral held in Shanidar cave in eastern Iraq
Lived in caves or shelters made of wood and animal skins
Mysteriously vanished about 30,000 y.a.

22. Cro-Magnons Emerge 40,000 y.a. Identical to modern humans
5’ 1/2” feet tall
Migrated from North Africa to
Europe and Asia
New tools, planned hunts

24. New Findings Add to Knowledge

25. Fossils, Tools, and Cave Paintings
Chad and Kenya
Toumai
Ethopia
2.33 m.y.a
Canada
Flute
What has been found in these areas?

26. Cave Paintings
Found on every continent
Oldest 35,000 y.a
Cuevas de las Manos, Argentina
Discuss the differences between paintings found in Europe and Africa versus Americas and Australia
What are the purposes of cave paintings?

28. Humans Try to Control Nature
Chapter 1 Section 2
Humans Try to Control Nature

29. Early Advances in Technology and Art

30. Tools Needed to Survive
Old Stone Age people were Nomads and became known as hunters and gatherers.

31. Artistic Expression in the Paleolithic Age

32. The Beginnings of Agriculture
10,000 y.a seeds planted which they harvested the next season
Neolitic Revolution (agricultural revolution) began
Shift from food-gathering to food-producing

33. Causes of the Agricultural Revolution
Worldwide rising temperatures
Population increased
Farming provided a steady source of food

34. Early Farming Methods
Slash-and-burn farming
Ashes fertilized the soil

35. Otzi
The Neolithic Ice Man

37. Domestication of Animals
Taming of animals
came slowly
Hunters driven herds
into ravines to be
slaughtered

38. Agriculture in Jarmo 9,000 y.a Zagros Mts, northeastern Iraq
Robert Braidwood
Birthplace of agriculture

39. Villages Grow and Prosper
Farming Develops in Many Places
Africa, China, Mexico and Central America, Peru
What was grown in each of these areas and where?

40. Catal Huyuk Village found in south-central Turkey, 1958
Homed 5,000-6,000 people
What are the advantages/disadvantages?