1. Texans Go To War

2. What really caused the Civil War??
The war breaks out because of many different reasons.
All of the reasons are based on a different of interests between the NORTH and the SOUTH regions of our country.
Ironically, in 1787, James Madison said, “It seemed now…that the real difference of interests lay not between small and large states, but between northern and southern states”

3. First Cause… State’s Rights
Old question…Who should have more power? The state or the national government?
South: Wanted State sovereignty
North: Wanted National sovereignty
Sovereignty means…authority or rule, having the power

4. Second Cause… Tariff Disputes
A tariff is a tax on imported goods
South wanted LOW tariffs
North wanted HIGH tariffs to protect their own manufactured goods
Tariff = Tax

5. Third cause… Different Economies
Economy is the way your culture/group makes money
In the South they made money through agriculture and farming
In the North they made a living through industry and manufacturing
It becomes the Planter vs. the Industrialist

6. Fourth cause…Slavery
In 1860 only 25% of southerners actually owned slaves
Most southerners supported slavery
Northerners opposed slavery because it was job competition between slave and free labor…slaves were NOT paid for their work
Abolitionists will create a different argument against slavery…

7. In its declaration of secession, Texas stated that it intended to go to war to preserve a southern way of life that made racial distinctions, in part, by maintaining blacks in a condition of servitude.

8. Civil War Begins
The Civil War begins in April 1861 at Fort Sumpter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina
Confederate forces fire on a Union fort in the harbor and war begins

9. Many Texans Become Soldiers
Thousands of Texans like other Southerners joined the Confederate army immediately.
In April 1862, the Confederate Congress passed the Conscription Act which required men of a certain age to serve in the Confederate military
German American settlers objected to fighting against the Union.

10. The two highest-ranking Texans in the Confederate army were Albert Sidney Johnston and John Bell Hood.

11. Most Texans Support the South
After the war began, most Texans who previously had been against secession now supported the Confederacy.
James W. Throckmorton, who had voted against secession, realized that he could not fight against Texas.
About 60,000 Texans joined the armed forces of the Confederacy.

12. 5TH TEXAS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, CO. K

13. Some Texans Aid the Union
About 2,000 Texas Unionists, including 50 African-Americans, took up arms for the Union. Mexican-Americans served on both sides of the war.
Many Texas Unionists who did not want to fight on either side left Texas.

14. Texas Battles of the Civil War

15. Strategies Union strategy to conquer South
Anaconda Plan (plan intended to):
1) blockade Southern ports
2) divide Southern states in half (at MS River)
3) capture Richmond, Confederate capital
Confederate strategy
1) defend the Confederate states
2) invade Northern states if opportunity arises

16. Union “Anaconda” Plan 1. Capture Richmond, Virginia
Capital of Confederacy
2. Blockade Southern ports
Prevent trade with other countries
3. Capture the Mississippi River
Cut Confederacy in half
Cut off trade routes from New Orleans and Texas

18. Texas-Mexico Trade Routes
Texas was economically important to the Confederacy because the Confederacy was able to conduct foreign trade through Mexico by way of Texas.

19. Texans on the Attack
The Confederacy’s first objective was to overtake Union garrisons and supplies
Texas launched a preventative strike on Union Forces in New Mexico
The New Mexico Campaign failed and was abandoned in July 1862

20. Battle of Galveston Union ships blockaded Texas ports.
Cotton was transported through Mexico and sent to Europe in exchange for war supplies.
In October 1862 Union forces attacked and captured Galveston.
Texas Confederate forces retook Galveston in January 1863.

21. Texans Defend Sabine Pass
Confederate soldiers defeated Union forces at Sabine Pass.
Dick Dowling and the Davis Guards played a major role by capturing 350 soldiers and two boats.
The Battle of Sabine Pass was an important Confederate victory, foiling the Union’s major campaign against Texas.

22. The Battle of Sabine Pass
"There is no parallel in ancient or modern warfare to the victory of Dowling and his men at Sabine Pass considering the great odds against which they had to contend" Jefferson Davis
The Battle of Sabine Pass
September 8, 1663
In the fall of 1863, Confederate forces under the command of Lt. Richard Dowling turned back a much larger Union invasion force at the battle of Sabine Pass.

23. Battle of Palmito Ranch
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on April 9, 1865.
The last land battle of the Civil War took place on May 13, 1865, at Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville.
Texans learned from their prisoners that Lee had surrendered a month earlier.