1. The Civil War Texans Go to War p. 347 - 352

2. Many Texans Become Soldiers When fighting began, Confederate President Jefferson Davis called for volunteers. When fighting began, Confederate President Jefferson Davis called for volunteers. The Confederate Congress passed the Conscription Act in 1862. The Confederate Congress passed the Conscription Act in 1862. Conscription is the forced enrollment of people into military service. Conscription is the forced enrollment of people into military service. This required that all men between ages 18 and 35 to serve in the armed forces. This required that all men between ages 18 and 35 to serve in the armed forces. The act allowed some to hire substitutes. The act allowed some to hire substitutes. Later the conscription act was extended to age limits to men between 17 and 50. Later the conscription act was extended to age limits to men between 17 and 50.

3. Most Texans Support the South Before the Civil War began, more than ¼ of all Texans were against secession. Before the Civil War began, more than ¼ of all Texans were against secession. After fighting began most people supported the Confederacy. After fighting began most people supported the Confederacy. More than 60,000 Texans joined the armed forces of the Confederacy. More than 60,000 Texans joined the armed forces of the Confederacy. Some slaveholders brought along their slaves to serve as orderlies. Some slaveholders brought along their slaves to serve as orderlies. Albert Sidney Johnston commanded the army of the Republic of Texas. He then commanded the Confederate troops at Tennessee and was killed at the battle of Shiloh. Albert Sidney Johnston commanded the army of the Republic of Texas. He then commanded the Confederate troops at Tennessee and was killed at the battle of Shiloh.

4. Some Texans Aid the Union About 2,000 Texas Unionists, or people who supported the Union cause, joined the Union army. About 2,000 Texas Unionists, or people who supported the Union cause, joined the Union army. About 50 Unionists were African American. About 50 Unionists were African American. African American Milton Holland won the Medal of Honor for his valor n action against an enemy force. African American Milton Holland won the Medal of Honor for his valor n action against an enemy force. Some Mexican Americans fought under the command of Colonel Santos Benavides. Some Mexican Americans fought under the command of Colonel Santos Benavides. Some Teas Unionists did not want to fight for one side or the other because it meant leaving Texas. Some Teas Unionists did not want to fight for one side or the other because it meant leaving Texas.

5. Some Texans Aid the Union Some Texas Unionists hid to escape conscription officers. Some were captured and arrested. Some Texas Unionists hid to escape conscription officers. Some were captured and arrested. Others were forced into the Confederate army. Others were forced into the Confederate army. Vigilantes, citizens who act as the unauthorized police hanged about 40 suspected Unionists. Vigilantes, citizens who act as the unauthorized police hanged about 40 suspected Unionists.

6. Fighting for Galveston Texas was a vital link in the Confederate chain of supplies. Texas was a vital link in the Confederate chain of supplies. The Union navy used ships to blockade all Texas ports to prevent goods and supplies form leaving and entering by water. The Union navy used ships to blockade all Texas ports to prevent goods and supplies form leaving and entering by water. The navy could not control the flow of cotton over land to Mexico. From there, cotton was sent to Europe in exchange for manufactured goods and war materials. The navy could not control the flow of cotton over land to Mexico. From there, cotton was sent to Europe in exchange for manufactured goods and war materials. In 1862, Union forces easily captured Galveston. In 1862, Union forces easily captured Galveston.

7. Fighting for Galveston Confederate leaders realized that the war effort would suffer serious blow if Galveston remained in the Union hands. Confederate leaders realized that the war effort would suffer serious blow if Galveston remained in the Union hands. General John B. Magruder, in a daring Confederate attack, successfully retook Galveston. General John B. Magruder, in a daring Confederate attack, successfully retook Galveston. Although Union forces had been unable to keep Galveston, the imposed a blockade around its port. Although Union forces had been unable to keep Galveston, the imposed a blockade around its port. Blockade runners were able to slip through Union blockades and brought much-needed supplies. (Denbigh) Blockade runners were able to slip through Union blockades and brought much-needed supplies. (Denbigh)

8. Texans Defend the Sabine Pass In 1863, Union forces made another try at invading Texas – this time by sailing up the Sabine River. In 1863, Union forces made another try at invading Texas – this time by sailing up the Sabine River. When the Union gunboats tried to sail past Fort Griffin, a company of 47 soldiers, opened fire. When the Union gunboats tried to sail past Fort Griffin, a company of 47 soldiers, opened fire. The Union fleet returned to New Orleans. The Union fleet returned to New Orleans.

9. Forces Battle Near Brownsville Wagon trains carried supplies and goods across South Texas from Brownsville. Wagon trains carried supplies and goods across South Texas from Brownsville. Hoping to cut off this overland supply line, Union strategists focused on capturing the supply center of Brownsville. Hoping to cut off this overland supply line, Union strategists focused on capturing the supply center of Brownsville. Colonel Santo Benavides and Colonel John S. Ford drove the Union army back and recaptured Brownsville in July 1864. Colonel Santo Benavides and Colonel John S. Ford drove the Union army back and recaptured Brownsville in July 1864.

10. Red River and Beyond Early in the war, Union forces captured New Orleans and occupied southern Louisiana. Early in the war, Union forces captured New Orleans and occupied southern Louisiana. From there they launched an invasion of northeastern Texas in 1864. From there they launched an invasion of northeastern Texas in 1864. Confederate leaders called in troops from Texas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Arkansas. Confederate leaders called in troops from Texas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Arkansas. The troops commanded by Richard Taylor routed the Union forces, taking more than 2,000 prisoners. The troops commanded by Richard Taylor routed the Union forces, taking more than 2,000 prisoners.