1. Physical Geography of Canada
Landforms
Canada’s mountainous eastern and western edges create a central region of fertile plains.
Collisions of tectonic plates thrust up a series of sharp-peaked mountains, like the Pacific Ranges and Rockies.
A wide range of climates, from frozen tundra to humid continental, support a variety of wildlife.
Abundant water and energy resources make up Canada’s great natural resource wealth.

3. Physical Geography of Canada
Water Systems
Canada's plentiful freshwater lakes and rivers support the needs of people and industries in both cities and rural areas.
The St. Lawrence River is one of Canada's most important rivers and forms part of the border between the United States and Canada.
The Niagara Falls, also on the border, is a key source of hydroelectric power.

8. Human Geography of Canada
Trace – to follow or study in detail or step by step.
Indigenous groups – native groups
Inuit – a member of the Arctic native people of North America
Formerly knows as Eskimos
Metis – people who have both indigenous and French Canadian ancestry
First Nations – people who are neither Inuit nor Metis.
700,000 of the 1,250,000 indigenous Canadians
Dominion – a partially self-governing country with close ties to another country.
Canada was created as a Dominion to Great Britain.
Gained full independence in 1931
Constitutional Monarchy

9. Human Geography of Canada
Federal Government
Governor-general
Appointed by British Monarch (actual Head of State)
Prime Minister
Actual Head of the Government
Cabinet
Legislature
Senate & House of Commons
Supreme Court
9 judges
Quebecois (key-beh-KWAH) – Quebec’s French-speaking inhabitants.

10. Human Geography of Canada
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
Canada, United States, Mexico – eliminated tariffs
Separatism – the breaking away of one part of a country to create a separate, independent country.
Quebec
French-speaking
Loyalists – an American colonist who remained loyal to the British government.
Population
34 million
90% of the population lives within 100 mile of the U.S./Canadian border
Population density = 9/sq. mile
81% live in urban areas
Toronto – largest city (2.6 million)

11. Human Geography of Canada

12. Human Geography of Canada
Multicultural society due to immigration.
Emigrate – leave your home country to settle in another.
Two official languages – English & French
Christians make up the largest religious group.
Government help
Education
99% literate
Healthcare
Economics
Leader in production of uranium, iron ore, coal, petroleum, copper, and silver.
World’s third-largest producer of hydroelectricity

13. Lesson 3 Geography

14. Biodiversity

15. Industry and Conservation

16. People and their environment
Managing Resources
Canada’s many natural resources have suffered due to the activities of fishing, logging, and mineral and oil and gas extraction.
Calls for federal protection and greater conservation efforts have increased to protect existing resources and to develop renewable ones.
Without conservation, rare ecosystems such as the boreal forest could be destroyed.

17. Wolves

18. A variety of human activities affect the natural environment in Canada
A variety of human activities affect the natural environment in Canada. In addition to diminishing resources through logging and overfishing, the burning of fossil fuels releases chemicals into the air creating acid rain, which pollute lakes, streams, and rivers.
This negatively impacts the wildlife population by polluting their natural habitat.

19. People and their environment
Human Impact
Acid rain contaminates lakes, streams, and rivers.
Pollution in the United States can also negatively affect the environment in Canada.
Industrial pollution in waterways can harm water supplies and all who depend on them.
The Canadian and United States governments continue to work together to improve water quality and to encourage the resurgence of some fish populations.

20. Given Canada's location, much of the pollution from the United States reaches this country, and combined with its own emissions, timber and water resources are being threatened. The governments of the individual Canadian provinces are working hard to address environmental issues, including investigating renewable energy, efficient energy, and energy conservation projects.

21. Petajoule is a unit of energy equal to 1. 0E+15 joules, symbol "PJ"
Petajoule is a unit of energy equal to 1.0E+15 joules, symbol "PJ". This unit comes from a combination of metric-prefix "peta" and SI derived unit of energy "joule". Plural name is petajoules.

22. People and their environment
Addressing the Issues
The provinces individually take action to address climate change through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Ontario’s Green Energy and Green Economy Act promotes green energy through conservation and financial incentives.
The Canadian government is exploring alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power.
Initial reports are positive, but time is needed to see which methods of alternative energy will be successful.

24. Review

25. Answers to review