1. Biological Molecules… Introduction / Carbohydrates

2. What are the major biological molecules?
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
Carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

3. What is the difference between Organic and Inorganic?
Inorganic Molecules > Molecules that don’t have Carbon Hydrogen (C-H) bonds.
The major organic molecules (molecules with carbon-hydrogen bonds) found in living things
Image:
Methane : DynaBlast Wiki

4. Amazing Carbon The atoms can bond with each other to form long chains.
Carbon is unique in many ways:
The atoms can bond with each other to form long chains.
Sometimes chains join together to form a ring.
Carbon can form four single bonds.
Double bonds form when two atoms share two pairs of electrons
4, 4
Images :

5. Some words to help us… Mono = one Di = two Tri = three Poly = many
A polymer is a chain of monomers stuck together.

6. Making Polymers
Condensation reaction (dehydration reaction): One monomer provides a OH group while the other provides a H to form a water molecule (H2O)
Hydrolysis: Bonds between monomers are broken by adding water (digestion)

7. Organic Molecules - Carbohydrates
• _________ is a synonym for carbohydrate.
• The prefixes on the word “saccharide” relates to the size of the molecule (mono-, di-, tri- poly-).
Boogers
Chocolate Cake
You probably know that chocolate cake is full of refined sugars…carbs. You may not know that boogers contain carbs as well. Boogers are dried-up mucus and dirty nose debris. Mucus is made mostly out of sugars and protein. Looks like this little guy is double dipping. Bon appetite!
carbon, CH2O, saccharide

8. Organic Molecules - Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
_________ sugars (one molecule)
simplest
*glucose, fructose
Disaccharides
________ sugars
combination of two monosaccharides
*_________ = glucose + fructose
*_________ = glucose + galactose
Polysaccharides
____________ composed of several sugars
can be same monomer (many of same monosaccharide) or mixture of monomers
_____________ carbohydrates: glycogen (animals) starch (plants)
_____________ carbohydrates: chitin (animals), cellulose (plants)
single, double, sucrose, lactose, polymers, storage, structural

9. Creation of a disaccharide Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation)

10. Polysaccharide Functions
Storage:
Plants:
starch stored in plastids
Animals:
glycogen stored in the liver
Structural:
Cellulose:
in plant cell walls
Chitin:
exoskeletons; cell walls of fungi;
surgical thread

11. Homework Questions…
Why is Carbon able to form so many different compounds?
What is the monomer in a carbohydrate?
What are carbohydrates used for in living things?
Give an example of a dissacharide.
Where is cellulose found and what is it made of?
How do animals store sugars? How about plants?