1. Fall final study guide review
2018

2. It changes from chemical energy to thermal energy.
1. What energy change happens when a rainforest is burned to clear land?
It changes from chemical energy to thermal energy.

3. 2. What gas do snails release?
Snails release CO2 (carbon dioxide) during the process of cellular respiration.

4. 3. Which organisms perform cellular respiration?
Plants and animals can both perform cellular respiration.

5. 4. What do plants use pigments for?
Plants use pigments primarily to absorb light energy from the sun.

6. 5. What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
Reactants: CO2 (carbon dioxide) + H20 (water) + sunlight (energy)
Products: C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2 (oxygen)

7. 6. What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
Reactants: C6H12O6 (glucose) + O2 (oxygen)
Products: CO2 (carbon dioxide) + H2O (water) + ATP (energy)

8. 7. Which organelle produces energy for muscle cells?
Mitochondria

9. 8. Why do leaves of plants look green?
Most of the blue and red light is absorbed by chlorophyll and most of the green light is reflected.

10. 9. Where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast

11. 10. In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer?
Energy moves from the bottom of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid.

12. 11. Which level of a food chain gets their energy from an outside source?
Producers

13. Any LIVING thing (plants, animals, bacteria, etc.)
12. What is a biotic factor?
Any LIVING thing (plants, animals, bacteria, etc.)

14. 13. If an animal is an herbivore, where would it be in the food chain?
Primary consumer

15. 14. How much energy is transferred to each trophic level in a food chain?
10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, the other 90% is lost.

16. 15. Which species in a food chain is autotrophic?
The first species in a food chain.

17. 16. Which trophic level in a food chain has the smallest biomass?
The top consumer (carnivore)

18. 17. What type of symbiotic relationship exists between a flower and an insect?
Mutualism; the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the flower.

19. 18. What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
Secondary succession begins on soil, and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces.

20. 19. What factors can cause a population to grow?
Birthrate higher than the death rate

21. 20. What are early hunters and gatherers responsible for?
A major extinction event of large animals.

22. 21. What are the symbiotic relationships?
Mutualism: both species benefit. (flower & insect)
Parasitism: one benefits, the other is harmed. (tapeworm & animal)
Commensalism: one benefits, the other is not affected. (shark & remora)

23. 22. How do exponential and logistic growths differ?
The logistic model considers the environment’s carrying capacity.

24. 23. What factors can cause a population to decrease?
Decreased birthrate
Increased death rate
Emigration

25. Specie preservation can HELP biodiversity!
24. What is biodiversity?
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Specie preservation can HELP biodiversity!

26. 25. What are density dependent and density independent factors?
Density dependent only affects when a population reaches a certain size. (Ex: competition, disease)
Density independent can affect any population, regardless of size. (Ex: natural disasters, climate change)

27. 26. What happens if a population grows larger than its carrying capacity?
Death rate may rise.

28. The role or function of an organism in an ecosystem.
27. What is a niche?
The role or function of an organism in an ecosystem.
No two organisms can share the same niche.

29. 28. What is an abiotic factor?
Nonliving component of an ecosystem (Ex: soil, rainfall, sunlight, temperature)

30. 29. What is a heterotroph?
An organism that eats other organisms (Ex: consumer – herbivore, omnivore, carnivore)

31. 30. Why are decomposers necessary in an ecosystem?
provide energy for plants by the process of decay (Ex: fungi, bacteria)

32. 31. What is a greenhouse gas?
Substance that captures heat in the atmosphere.

33. 32. Define the carbon cycle.
Series of processes by which carbon compounds are converted in the environment.

34. 33. Define carbon footprint.
The amount of CO2 each person is responsible for producing.

35. 34. How does carbon travel from the atmosphere to a flower?
Carbon is absorbed by the flower/plant through photosynthesis.

36. Maintaining a near-constant internal environment.
35. What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a near-constant internal environment.

37. 36. What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback is when the response eliminates the original stimulus.

38. 37. What is positive feedback?
Positive feedback is when the response strengthens the original stimulus.

39. 38. How does the endocrine system help maintain homeostasis?
The endocrine system has two hormones with opposite effects to regulate certain things.

40. 39. What does feedback inhibition mean?
An increase in a substance will decrease production of that substance.

41. 40. What energy change happens when a plant absorbs sunlight?
Light energy to chemical energy

42. The movement of organisms into a given area.
41. What is immigration?
The movement of organisms into a given area.

43. 42. Which part of a feedback mechanism senses the stimulus?
Receptor

44. 43. When you need food, how does your body maintain homeostasis?
The brain sends signals to make the person feel hungry.

45. 44. Sweating during a basketball game, is an example of what?
The sweat helps to cool his body to maintain homeostasis.

46. 45. If you lose the ability to sweat before your track meet, what would happen?
You would overheat.

47. Meal with meat or fast food meal.
46. Which meals from the carbon footprint PBL had the highest carbon food-print?
Meal with meat or fast food meal.

48. 47. What are some ways you could reduce your carbon footprint?
Turn off the TV/Xbox/Lights when you are not using them, turn off the water when you brush your teeth, etc.

49. 48. Which biome has cold temperatures and very little precipitation?
Tundra

50. 49. What organisms perform alcoholic fermentation?
Yeast and some bacteria

51. 50. What is an energy-rich organic compound needed by all organisms?
Glucose