1. Chapter 11
Nutrition and Diets

2. Spelling Words for Chapter 11
nutrition nutrient
carbohydrate cellulose
lipid obesity
protein peristalsis
cholesterol mineral

3. Nutrition Cholesterol Malnutrition Protein
Define Terms
Nutrition Cholesterol
Malnutrition Protein
Carbohydrates Vitamins
Lipids (Fats) Minerals

4. Nutrition What is nutrition?
The body’s use of food for growth, development, and health. It includes all body processes (digestion, absorption, metabolism, circulation, elimination) related to food. These processes are the way our body uses the food for energy, growth and maintaining our health.
Wellness is a state of being in good health.

5. Malnutrition - poor nutrition, may be caused by diet or illness
Symptoms? Fatigue, depression, being overweight or underweight, poor skin and hair, irritability.
What can it cause? Deficiency diseases (like scurvy), poor muscular and skeletal development, reduced mental abilities and in severe cases, death.
Who is more likely to be affected? Elderly, teens, young children, those living in extreme poverty, and patients undergoing drug therapy (cancer patients).

6. Malnutrition (continued)
Obesity is a form of malnutrition, caused by excess food consumption.

7. BELLRINGER: Write the following and the answer. Pages 286-288
Identify the six groups of essential nutrients. Carbohydrates,
proteins, vitamins, minerals, water, lipids
Identify four functions of water in the body. Digestion (breakdown) of food, makes up blood plasma and cytoplasm,
helps body tissues absorb nutrients, helps move waste
through the body

8. Essential Nutrients -
What are essential nutrients? They are elements in food required by the body for proper functioning.
Essential nutrients are divided into 6 groups:
Carbohydrates Vitamins
Lipids (fats) Minerals
Proteins Water

9. Essential Nutrient - Carbohydrates
Major source of readily usable energy
Called starches or sugars
EXAMPLES: Breads, cereal, pasta, crackers, potatoes,
corn, peas, grains, fruit, sugar
What is cellulose? It’s the fibrous form of carbohydrate.
What does it do? Puts bulk in the digestive system for bowel movements.
Examples: bran, whole grain, apples, bananas, sweet potatoes

10. Essential nutrient - Lipids (fats)
Lipids are commonly called fats and oils.
Fats provide the most concentrated form of energy.
Examples: butter, oil, heavy cream, fatty meat, cheese, egg yolk
What is cholesterol? A type of lipid found in body cells and animal products.
What’s it for? Used to make hormones, vitamin D and bile acids.
HDL - “Good” cholesterol LDL - “Bad” cholesterol

11. Essential Nutrient - Protein
Need protein to build and repair tissue, regulate body functions, provide energy and heat
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Examples of protein: meat, fish, milk, cheese, eggs

12. Essential Nutrient - Vitamins
Organic compounds necessary for body processes
What are they used for? Metabolism, tissue building, regulating body processes
Antioxidants - Some vitamins are antioxidants. They help protect the body from harmful chemicals called free radicals.
Found mainly in fruits and vegetables with main antioxidants being vitamins, A, C, & E.
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Vitamin E

13. Essential Nutrient - Minerals
Inorganic substances essential to life
What do they do? Regulate body fluids, assist in body functions, aid in building tissues.
Examples: zinc (seafood, eggs, milk), selenium (seafood, organ meats),
Copper ( nuts, whole grains, organ meats) and magnesium (meat, seafood, fresh green vegetables).

14. Essential Nutrient - Water
Found in all body tissues
Used in the digestion of food
Makes up blood plasma and cytoplasm of cells
Helps body tissue absorb nutrients
Helps move waste through the body
How much water should the average person drink a day?
6 to 8 glasses a day

15. Bellringer: Page 292 Write the following and answer-
Name the 5 food groups and give three examples of food in each group. Protein, dairy, vegetables, fruits, grains
Name three foods you have eaten in the past 24 hours and tell what food group each is in.

16. Using nutrients in the body:
Digestion
Absorption
Metabolism

17. Using nutrients in the body -
What is digestion? The body breaks down food into smaller parts, changes the food chemically and moves it through the digestive system.
Peristalsis - food is moved through the digestive tract by
peristalsis which is a rhythmic, wavelike motion of the
muscles.

18. Using nutrients in the body -
What is absorption? Blood or lymph capillaries pick up the digested nutrients and then the circulatory system carries those nutrients to cells
What is metabolism? Nutrients are used by the cells for building tissue, providing energy and regulating body functions.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) : rate at which the body uses energy just for maintaining its own tissue, without doing any voluntary work.

20. Bellringer: Page 296 Write the following and answer:
What is the difference between being overweight and being obese? Overweight is 10 to 20 percent body weight over the average recommended weight for a person’s height and obesity is body weight over 20 percent of the recommended weight for a person’s height.

21. List 6 conditions that can develop as a result of obesity.
hypertension sleep apnea
diabetes heart disease
stroke high cholesterol
osteoarthritis
gallbladder disease
colon cancer

22. Diseases that may be related to poor nutrition:
Hypertension: high blood pressure, may be caused by excess salt or fat in diet
Atherosclerosis: fatty substances on the inside of the arteries have caused a narrowing of the arteries, thought to be caused by diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol

23. Diseases that may be related to poor nutrition:
Osteoporosis: bones develop tiny openings which cause them to break easily, one cause is not enough vitamin D and calcium
Osteoporosis means porous bone.

24. Diseases that may be related to poor nutrition:
Diabetes mellitus: metabolic disease caused by insufficient secretion or use of insulin, this leads to an increased amount of
sugar in the blood and urine.
What increases chances of developing diabetes?
Heredity
Obesity
Lack of exercise
Diets high in carbs and sugar

25. https://quizlet.com/_61be4g
Let’s Review !

26. Therapeutic Diets
What is a therapeutic diet ? A diet used to improve or treat specific health conditions.
What kind of changes are made to the food?
Calorie content
Texture
Nutrient content

27. Therapeutic Diets
Regular Diet
Balanced diet
Patient does not have dietary restrictions
May or may not have reduced calories

28. Tea / black coffee (with sugar)
Therapeutic Diets
Liquid Diet -
includes clear liquid diet and full liquid diet
Used for short periods of time (surgery, infections, vomiting, diarrhea)
Clear Liquid
Apple/grape juice
Jello
Fat free broths
Tea / black coffee (with sugar)
Full liquid
Yogurt
Hot cocoa
Ice cream
Milk

29. Therapeutic Diets Soft Diet -
foods must require little chewing, easy to digest
used following surgery, dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), digestive disorders
food may sometimes be pureed (blended)
AVOID -
Tough meat, spicy food, fried foods, nuts, raw fruits and raw vegetables

30. Therapeutic Diets
Diabetic Diet
Used for patients with diabetes (body does not produce enough insulin)
Patients have to calculate amount of carbs they eat
Sugar-heavy foods such as desserts, syrup, candy and jelly are avoided.

31. Therapeutic Diets
Sodium- Restricted Diet (also called low salt diet )
Patients avoid adding salt to food
Avoid smoked meats, processed food, pickles, olives, processed cheeses
Examples of patients that may have to be on a low salt diet include those with heart diseases and kidney disease.

32. Therapeutic Diets Low Protein -
Patients that may need to be on a low protein include those with kidney disease and certain allergies
Foods to limit on a low protein diet include meat, fish, milk, eggs