1. Force and Motion

2. http://www. kidsknowit. com/educational-songs/play-educational-song
Sir Isaac Newton
A mathematician and scientist, Newton lived in England during the 1600’s. He published his observations and theories about force and motion in Even though his document is hundreds of years old now, the laws he presented are still the foundation of modern physics.

3. Newton’s First Law of Motion
An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside, unbalanced force.

4. The object that appears to stay in place is a reference point.
Motion
When an object changes position over time when compared with a reference point, the object is in motion.
The object that appears to stay in place is a reference point.

5. A force is a push or pull in a particular direction.

6. Continuous Force – a force constantly applied to an object.
Two Types of Forces:
Continuous Force – a force constantly applied to an object.
Momentary Force – when one object collides with another object causing a change in velocity.

7. Let’s Review Key Concepts

8. Forces can cause objects to:
Start moving.
Move faster.
Move slower.
Stop moving.
Change directions.
Change shapes.

9. Balanced Forces
1. The forces shown above are PUSHING / PULLING forces. 2. The forces shown above are WORKING TOGETHER / OPPOSITE FORCES. 3. The forces are EQUAL / NOT EQUAL. 4. The forces DO / DO NOT balance each other. 5. The resultant force is 500 N TO THE RIGHT / 500N TO THE LEFT /ZERO. 6. There IS / IS NO motion.
500 N
500 N
The forces are balanced, and the net force is zero. Therefore, there is no motion.

10. Unbalanced Forces
7. The forces shown above are PUSHING / PULLING forces. 8. The forces shown above are WORKING TOGETHER / OPPOSITE FORCES. 9. The forces are EQUAL / NOT EQUAL. 10. The forces DO / DO NOT balance each other. 11. The stronger force is pulling to the RIGHT / LEFT. 12. The weaker force is pulling to the RIGHT / LEFT. 13. Motion is to the RIGHT / LEFT.
200 N
1,000 N
The forces are unbalanced and have a net force of 800N. Therefore, there will be motion to the right.

11. https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/forces-and-motion-basics
Net Forces
Force to the Right
Force to the Left
Net Force
Direction
80 N
90 N
30 N
10 N
15 N
25 N
60 N
72 N
20 N
70 N

12.
Friction
Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching. This is the force that brings nearly everything to a stop.
Is Friction

13. Types of Friction Rolling friction Sliding friction Fluid friction

14. Inertia or Would you rather push…
Inertia
All objects resist having their motion changed. This tendency to resist a change in motion is called inertia. The more mass an object has, the greater its inertia. Newton’s First Law of Motion is sometimes called the Law of Inertia.
Would you rather push… or

15. Newton’s Second Law of Motion
The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied.

16. Acceleration Depends on Mass
Acceleration is the change in the speed and direction of an object. An objects acceleration decreases as its mass increases and its acceleration increases as its mass decreases.
Which cart would be easier to push? Why? or

17. Acceleration Depends on Force
An object’s acceleration increases as the force on it increases. An object’s acceleration decreases as the force on it decreases.
If you wanted this shopping cart to accelerate quickly, would you give it a small push or a large push?

18. Would it be easier to stop a bus or a car?
If they were both traveling at the same speed, the car would be easier to stop because it has less momentum or the combination of the mass and speed of the object.

19. Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
Speed – rate at which an object moves
Velocity – the speed of an object in a particular direction
Acceleration – the change in the speed and direction (velocity)

20. Potential and Kinetic Energy
And Potential Energy
Potential and Kinetic Energy
Potential energy is energy stored in an object.
Kinetic energy is energy in motion.
The more potential energy, the more kinetic energy.

21. Energy Skate Park Simulation

22. Newton’s Third Law of Motion
Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
Swimmer goes up
Diving board goes down

23. http://studyjams. scholastic
All forces act in pairs. If a force is exerted, another force occurs that is equal in size and opposite direction. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

24. http://glencoe. mcgraw-hill

25. Applying Newton’s Laws to Flight
Is How A Jet Plain Flies

26. Applying Newton’s Law to Flight
Lift – pushes the plane up
Thrust – pushes the plane forward
Drag – slows the plane down
Weight – amount of gravity on the plane

27. Gravitational Force
Gravity is a force of attraction or pull between any two objects. All objects fall to the ground at the same rate because the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects (9.8 m/s).

28. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them. Increasing the masses increases the force, and increasing the distance decreases the force.

29. http://www. kidsknowit. com/educational-songs/play-educational-song
Gravity Song
Mass and Weight
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and its value does not change.
Measured with a balance
Recorded in kilograms
Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.
Measured with a spring scale
Recorded in Newtons

30. http://www. bbc. co. uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/forces_action
Air Resistance
Air resistance occurs between the surface of the falling object and the air that surrounds it.
Type of Fluid Friction
The amount of air resistance acting on an object depends on the size and shape of the object.

31. May the Force be With You!
Activity
Force(s)
Bike skidding on the road
Jumping off a diving board
Skiing downhill
Shooting a basketball
Getting out of a chair
Opening a can of soda (x2)
Brushing your hair (x2)

32. May the Force be With You!
Activity
Force
Riding a see saw
Drinking out of a straw
Sliding into a baseball base
Tractor stopping in a muddy field
Opening a door (x2)
Sliding down a slide
Removing a nail from the wall
Paddling in a paddleboat

33. Use Your New Knowledge of Physics to Design a Roller Coaster

34. Magnetism South pole North Pole
North Pole

35. Different poles will pull together or attract one another.
Magnetism
Different poles will pull together or attract one another.

36. Magnetism
If the poles are the same, then they will push apart or repel one another.

37. Apply Your Knowledge of Forces and Motion