1. Organization of the Body22
Organization of the Body

2. Learning Outcomes
22.5 Use medical and anatomical terminology correctly.
22.6 Explain anatomical position and its relationship to other anatomical positions.
22.7 Identify the body cavities and the organs contained in each.

3. Introduction Human body is complex in its structure and function
It is organized from the chemical level to the organ system level
You will learn important terminology used in the clinical setting and explore how diseases develop.
Learning Outcome: Explain the importance of understanding both anatomy and physiology when studying the body.

4. Understanding Medical Terminology
Word root – base meaning
Suffix
After word root
Alters its meaning
Prefix
Before the word root
Alters its meaning
Combining vowel
“o”
Only facilitates pronunciation
Learning Outcome: Use medical and anatomical terminology correctly.
Medical terminology can be broken down into word parts that are easy to understand.
Word root – the base meaning for the term
Suffix – after the word root; the word root’s meaning
Prefix – before the word root; alters the term’s meaning.
The meanings of the word parts stay consistent so it is easy to learn a new term.
If the suffix begins with a consonant, a combining vowel, often an "o“, is used between the word root and the suffix.
Example: an “o” is added before the suffix tomy to make pronunciation of the term easier
Unlike prefixes and suffixes, combining vowels do not change the meaning of the term.
Refer to Appendix I for commonly used word roots, suffixes, and prefixes.
Refer to Table 22-1 Understanding Medical Terminology.

5. Apply Your Knowledge
Combine terms to answer definition. heart specialist rapid heart beat specialty of the heart
ANSWER:
CARDIOLOGIST
TACHYCARDIA
CARDIOLOGY
Learning Outcome: Use medical and anatomical terminology correctly.
TACHY
CARDI
LOGY IA
LOGIST O

6. Anatomical Terminology
Describe the location of body parts and various body regions
Anatomical position
Body is standing upright
Facing forward
Arms at the sides and palms facing forward
Learning Outcomes: Explain anatomical position and its relationship to other anatomical positions.
To use terms correctly, assume the body is in the anatomical position. .
For consistency and correct communication, always refer to patients as if they are in the anatomical position, even if they are lying down.

7. Good Answer! Apply Your Knowledge What is the anatomical position?
ANSWER: Anatomical position is the body standing upright, facing forward, with the arms at the sides and palms of hands facing forward.
Learning Outcomes: Explain anatomical position and its relationship to other anatomical positions.
Good Answer!

8. Body Cavities and Abdominal Regions
Dorsal cavity
Cranial – brain
Spinal – spinal cord
Ventral cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Ventral cavity
Dorsal cavity
Learning Outcome: Identify the body cavities and the organs contained in each.
Body cavities house and protect the internal organs.
The largest body cavities are the
Dorsal cavity
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Ventral cavity is divided into
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity

9. Body Cavities and Abdominal Regions (cont.)
Thoracic cavity
Lungs, heart, esophagus, and trachea
Diaphragm
Abdominopelvic
Abdominal cavity ~ organs of digestion, kidneys, and spleen
Pelvic cavity ~ bladder and internal reproductive organs
Learning Outcome: Identify the body cavities and the organs contained in each.
The diaphragm (muscle) separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into a superior abdominal cavity and an inferior pelvic cavity.
The bladder and internal reproductive organs are located in the pelvic cavity

10. YES! Apply Your Knowledge What are the two largest body cavities?
ANSWER: Dorsal and ventral cavities
YES!
Learning Outcome: Identify the body cavities and the organs contained in each.

11. In Summary (cont.)
22.5 Knowledge and use of anatomical and medical terminology are important for medical personnel to communicate with each other in a consistent manner.
22.6 In anatomical position, the body is erect, facing forward with arms at the sides and palms facing forward. All other body positions are defined based on their relation to anatomical position.

12. In Summary (cont.)
22.7 The dorsal cavity consists of the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. The ventral cavity is composed of the thoracic cavity, the abdominal cavities, and, below the abdominal cavity, the pelvic cavity. The body’s organs are contained within these cavities.
22.7 The dorsal cavity consists of the cranial cavity, which contains the brain, and the spinal cavity containing the spinal cord. The ventral cavity is composed of the thoracic cavity, the abdominal cavities, and, below the abdominal cavity, the pelvic cavity. The body’s organs are contained within these cavities.
22.8 It is important to have a basic understanding of chemistry when studying anatomy and physiology because body structures and functions result from chemical processes that occur within body cells or fluids.
22.9 The main components of a cell are as follows: cell membrane, cilia, flagella (may be present), ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and centrioles. Each has its own specialized function in the life of a cell.