1. Science 9 Review for the Earth Systems

2. 1. In a closed system the only thing that can enter or leave is?
energy

3. 2. The gaseous envelope that surrounds the earth is known as _______________.
atmosphere

4. 3. You are considered to be part of the earth’s ___________________.
biosphere.

5. 4. Where is most of the earth’s fresh water located?
Ice caps and glaciers

6. 5. Is the earth an open or closed system?

7. Because space shuttles and meteorites can come in or out
6. Why is the earth not entirely a closed system?
Because space shuttles and meteorites can come in or out

8. 7. The wearing down or the washing away of soil is called.
erosion

9. 8. Lava from a volcano destroying a nearby forest is an example of what two spheres interacting?
Litho and bio

10. 9. A person breathing is an example of what two spheres interacting?
Bio and atmos

11. Biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere
10. Name the four spheres (earth systems).
Biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere

12. Photosynthesis…interaction between all spheres
11. A test tube containing plant material and water is sealed and left in the sun light. This is an example of what?
Photosynthesis…interaction between all spheres

13. 12. A canyon that is formed when rocky ground is eroded by a river is an example of what two spheres interacting.
Hydro and litho

14. 13. What is an event?
A change in one sphere that results in changes in the other spheres. (effects ecosystems)

15. 14. Where is the largest supply of liquid water on earth found?
oceans

16. Open Systems. The spheres let in matter and energy. (interdependent)
15. What type of system are the earths spheres considered? Why?
Open Systems. The spheres let in matter and energy. (interdependent)

17. A pause is the division between each layer of the atmosphere.
16. What is a pause? What is the temperature change within a pause?
A pause is the division between each layer of the atmosphere.
No change, temp is consistant.

18. 17. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the earth?
Troposphere

19. Stratosphere. To avoid bad weather.
18. A commercial plane flies above the clouds in the lower level of the_____________. Why?
Stratosphere. To avoid bad weather.

20. 19. Name the process by which plants release water into the atmosphere.
Transpiration

21. 20. Where is the ionosphere located?
Thermosphere

22. 21. What is the ionosphere?
Layer of electrically charged particles. AM radio waves are found here.

23. 22. What is the temperature change in the Mesosphere as it goes further from the earth? Why?
Temp decreases as the altitude increases. It is getting further away from the ozone.

24. 23. The exosphere is the layer closest to the sun and it has no clear boundary.
(T or F)
True

25. 24. Why does the stratosphere’s temperature increase as it goes further from earth?
It increases because the top part of this layer is the ozone. The temp rises as it gets closer to the ozone which absorbs energy from the sun.

26. 25. As altitude decreases the density of air _________________.
Increases. (All the other layers are pushing down creating more pressure)

27. 26. The outermost layer of the earth is called the _____________________.
crust

28. All the other layers are pressing down on it.
27. Why is the earth’s core under extreme pressure?
All the other layers are pressing down on it.

29. 28. What are the layers of the earth?
Continental crust, Oceanic crust, upper mantle, inner mantle, outer core, inner core

30. 29. The ridge of land or the high points of land that serve as the boundary of a watershed is called the ___________________.
Drainage divide

31. 30. ________________ is a form of heat transfer where no particles are needed.
radiation

32. Burning, decay and respiration
31. Name three ways that carbon is returned to the atmosphere .
Burning, decay and respiration

33. 32. A metal poker in a hot fire is what type of heat transfer process?
conduction

34. 33. When you touch something hot and the heat moves from that object to your hand, this is known as ___________________.
conduction

35. 34. _________________ are the way heat is transferred in a fluid or a gas.
convection

36. 35. As you rise further out into the atmosphere (away from the earth) the air pressure _______________. .
decreases

37. Energy or uv rays from the sun
37. The ozone layer absorbs ______________________. .
Energy or uv rays from the sun

38. 38. Radio waves are found in the _____________________.
ionosphere

39. They study seismic waves.
39. How do the scientists know what the earth is made of if we are unable to reach the depths of the Earth?
They study seismic waves.

40. 40. The ___________________ is another name for the layer of the mantle that is molten rock.
asthenosphere

41. conduction 41. Heat transfer in a solid is called ___________________.

42. 42. Heat transfer is a liquid or gas is called _____________________.
convection

43. 43. A material that does not conduct heat well is known as a _________________. Give an example.
insulator

44. Oceanic and continental
44. The two types of crust are ______________ and ___________________.
Oceanic and continental

45. 45. The _____________ crust is more dense than the _______________ crust.
oceanic

46. 46. Convection currents form when heated materials become less dense
46. Convection currents form when heated materials become less dense. (true or False)
true

47. 47. If a solid is turning into a liquid, what change of state is actually occuring?
melting