1. Establishing the 13 Colonies Chapter 3 and 4
New England, Middle, Southern
Economics of each region
Chapter 3 and 4

3. The darker the color, the higher the elevation
The colonial regions were diverse in the ways they were founded, geographic features, and economies
The darker the color, the higher the elevation

4. Life in the Northern colonies Map of the region
Overview of life in New England
Influence of religion
Northern economy

5. New England Colonies Colony Name Year Founded Name of Founder
Massachusetts
1620
Puritans
New Hampshire
1623
John Wheelwright
Connecticut
1635
Thomas Hooker
Rhode Island
1636
Roger Williams

6. Overview of the New England colonies
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut
Long, cold winters and mountains
= NO Farming
Most settlers came from England
Main industries were lumbering, shipbuilding, fishing, iron works, and wool production
Strict religious beliefs

7. Northern Colonial Economy
This region is often referred to as “New England”
Soil was infertile which led many to the sea to make their living
Codfish fisheries soon became the “goldmine” of New England
Whale hunting became profitable
Rum from New England used in Triangular Trade routes
Small factory manufacturing became common
British government paid bounties for maritime products such as pitch, tar, and rosin

8. Religion was the driving force behind the creation of the Northern colonies

9. Religious influence in New England
Religious leaders were the most powerful community figures
Intolerant of differing religious views
Stressed education and literacy as everyone needed to be able to read the bible
Strong work ethic led to successful industries

10. Farms & Towns Most farmers were subsistence farmers!
Colonial officials sold larger plots to groups of people- like those belonging to a church.
Pros:
Cons:
Draw a picture of a New England town.

11. Reliance on the Sea Rocky soil made farming difficult.
Off coast were some of the best fishing grounds in the world!
Fishing & timber helped shipping industry
3 types of trade:
Trade with other colonies
Direct exchange goods with Europe
Triangular Trade-3 stops, trading slaves, molasses, rum

12. Triangular trade
Black slaves were brought to the colonies via the “triangular trade route”.
In its simplest form, triangular trade worked in this way: rum and sugar, as well as molasses, would be sent to Great Britain from the colonies, specifically the West Indies. From that point, raw materials would be made into finished goods, and would then be sent to Africa, where they would be traded for slaves. Frequently an African tribe might defeat another tribe in battle, and sell prisoners of war as slaves. In other instances, a tribal chieftain might sell some of his own people into slavery for goods. Once the slaves were “collected”, they would be sent across the Atlantic in what was called the “Middle Passage”. Estimates note that more than 20% of prospective slaves died of various causes en route to the New World.
Once the slaves made it to the West Indies, they were unloaded and trained to be house servants or field hands in what was known as the “seasoning process”. The slave ships, empty of their human cargo, would then pick up sugarcane and molasses, which would be made into rum, and the triangular trade would be conducted again.

13. Colonial trade routes
Mother country
Colonies

14. Northern Women & Slaves
Women had few social, legal, or political rights. Slaves had none!
Women’s Daily chores included: weaving, sewing, feeding livestock, baking, making soap and candles.
Slaves’ jobs: Very few used for farming, house servants, cooks, gardeners, hired-out workers

15. Middle colonies
Map of the region
Overview of life
Economy
Women

16. Peter Minuet (New Sweden) Lord Berkeley & Sir George Carteret
Middle Colonies
Colony Name
Year Founded
Name of Founder
Pennsylvania
1682
William Penn
Delaware
1638
Peter Minuet (New Sweden)
New Jersey
1664
Lord Berkeley & Sir George Carteret
New York
Duke of York

17. “THE BREADBASKET” Overview of the Middle Colonies
NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, PENNSYLVANIA, DELAWARE
“THE BREADBASKET”
Busy shipping ports
Lush farmland led to CASH CROPS-grain, wheat and rye, beef and pork
Industries were weaving, shoemaking, and other artisan crafts
Additional workers were recruited from Europe as indentured servants, who would work for a specified number of years to pay for their passage

18. Major industries in the Middle Colonies included:
Lumber for ship building
Iron Works
Glass Blowing
Pottery Making

19. Quakers settled Pennsylvania
King Charles gave William Penn a large grant of land in the colonies he called Pennsylvania, or “Penn’s Woods”
Pennsylvania had a climate of tolerance
Heavy Dutch & German Influence!
Cash Crops!
William Penn

20. Basic Quaker beliefs The light of God is in everyone
Each person can have a direct, personal relationship with God - there is no need for a priest or a minister as a mediator
Their relationship with God is nurtured by worship based on silent waiting
The equality of all human beings
Simplicity in worship and in way of life
Peace
Social justice
The right to freedom of conscience
A sense of shared responsibility for the life of communities and the integrity of creation

21. Cities & Diversity NYC-mouth of Hudson River
Philadelphia- fastest growing city
Trade & shipping helped these cities grow!
Population Diversity, 1750
French-2%
Swedish& Welsh-3%
Scottish-4%
Irish-5%
African-7%
Scots-Irish-9%
Dutch-10%
German-18%
English-39%

22. Women & Slaves in the Middle colonies Violence sometimes erupted.
Women milked cows, churned butter and cream, made soap, and picked fruits.
Slavery existed in Middle Colonies. NYC had a larger number of people of African decent. Free African-Americans also made their way to this city.
Violence sometimes erupted.

23. Southern colonies Map of the region Overview of life
Regions in the south
Bacon’s Rebellion
Plantation system

24. Eight nobles (charter from Charles II) Edward James Oglethorpe
Southern Colonies
Colony Name
Year Founded
Name of Founder
Virginia
1607
Virginia Company
Maryland
1634
Lord Baltimore
North Carolina
1653
Virginians
South Carolina
1663
Eight nobles (charter from Charles II)
Georgia
1732
Edward James Oglethorpe

25. Large scale farming dominated the Southern Colonies

26. Overview of the Southern Colonies
MARYLAND, VIRGINIA, NORTH CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA
The economy was based on the large scale cash crops of tobacco, rice, and indigo
Class division between very wealthy and poor
Reliant on slave labor
Some religious toleration as the focus of the region was to make money
The Atlantic Ocean served as the middle passage for the slave trade
Mostly rural areas, less urban growth

27. The Tidewater
This drawing of a Tidewater plantation highlights its closeness to water, as well as its size. Many Tidewater plantations were large in size and utilized a large amount of slave labor.

28. The Piedmont
The Piedmont area tended to be less affluent than the Tidewater, and most lived on small farms, trapped, and hunted game. Conflicts developed between the two areas.

29. The Plantation system Less cities developed in the south
Plantations tended to spring up along rivers and streams
The southern economy was reliant on indentured servants and later slaves
While cities and towns sprang up across New England, the southern colonies developed in an entirely different way. Smaller populations in the southern colonies made it easier for plantations to be developed, and the reduced number of free laborers led to first an increased reliance on indentured servants, and later a dependence on slave labor.
Since southern colonies had fewer cities than did the New England colonies, it became less important for them to have roads and highways compared to their northern counterparts. Therefore, it was more necessary for the plantation to be self-sufficient than homes and farms in New England.
Built in 1732, the Shirley Plantation, located in Virginia, is a good example of a typical plantation home. The house was the birthplace of the mother of Robert E. Lee.

30. “Cash Crops” in the south included (clockwise from top left), Sea Island cotton, indigo, rice, and tobacco

31. Women in the Southern Colonies
Were considered “second class citizens”, similar to the Northern colonies
Did not have the right to vote, own property, or preach in church
Were “in charge” of most domestic chores, such as cooking, tending livestock, cleaning, sewing, and washing clothes
Women in middle class and upper class were spared most of the mundane chores of everyday life, but still were submissive to their husbands

32. Life Under Slavery Very harsh Long hours & back- breaking work
Small houses & little food
Traditions & Customs were created
Harsh punishments especially for rebellions
Forbidden to leave
Illegal to meet with free blacks
Illegal to learn how to read

33. Three differences between the colonies
Weather and climate was different in each section of colonies. This meant different growing seasons and encouraged different types of crops
The colder temperatures in the Northern Colonies meant an extremely short growing season, which led those colonies to specialize in fishing
Types of soils allowed for different types of farming, with the Middle Colonies becoming the “bread basket”, and the Southern Colonies specializing in tobacco
Each group of colonies also had a frontier region, and the frontiers shared the same characteristics