1. The Industrial Revolution
SR#1: What words come to mind when you hear the word industry?
Define in your own words the term Industrialization.
Mr. Barchetto
Notes #1 (HONORS)

2. Before the1700’s Production Before The Industrial Revolution: Food
All goods were made by hand or grown on the farm.
Farmers grew just enough food to survive.(Subsistence Farmer)
Surpluses might be exchanged for goods made in towns on “Market Days”.
Production Before The Industrial Revolution: Essential Goods
Most necessities, such as clothing, furniture, and tools, were made on the farm or in small shops in the towns and villages.
Materials came from the farm or surrounding areas.
Manufacturing in towns
Some items were made in towns in guild shops
Guilds were associations of craftsmen in a certain profession.
Craftsmen used simple tools to make cloth, hardware, leather goods, etc.
This was known as the COTTAGE SYSTEM

3. Before the1700’s-“The Cottage Industry”
The Good:
Pro-family (keeps worker near/in home)
Worker meets quota and works at own pace
The Bad:
Owner of raw material could not track its use (inefficient control of production)
No on-site management of production
Could not mass produce
Not in control of equipment

4. Before the1700’s Population Before Industrial Revolution
Less than 10% live in cities
Most lived in small towns or villages in the countryside.
The majority were farmers leasing small plots of land from landowners (subsistence farming).
Life and community revolved around the agricultural seasons.
Family Life: Before Industrialization
The extended family
Large families were needed to work the farms.
Families often consisted of
Grandparents
Parents
Many children (4-8 would be the average)
Uncles and aunts
Cousins
Sons followed the father’s trade.
Girls did the work of their mother, which was a housewife.
Little change from generation to generation

5. Great Changes by the1700’s
“In the 80 years between & 1840 in Great Britain, one invention led to another with a swiftness for which there is no parallel in history. The Average British person born in 1760 saw more changes in his or her lifetime than ten generations of ancestors had seen in theirs.”

6. How Did This Change Happen?
Three major factors caused the Industrial Revolution:
A New Agricultural Revolution
The Population Explosion
New Sources of Energy/Technology
So, what is an Industrial Revolution?
Major increase in output of machine-made goods.

7. A New Agricultural Revolution
1700’s wealthy landowners began buying up the land of village farmers.
This land was then enclosed by fences or hedges…hence the name “Enclosures”
Enclosures allowed experimentation & new techniques
Ex. Seed Drill & Crop Rotation
Ex. Breeding of Animals
Two Results of New Agriculture Revolution
Enclosures force small farmers to be tenant farmers or give up farming and move to the cities
New Agricultural Methods…leads to farming efficiency
Farming Efficiency=More Food=
POPULATION EXPLOSION!!

8. Population Explosion

9. New Sources of Energy New Sources of Energy
In the past, muscle power was used to do most work.
Then people began to use water and wind power.
In the 1700s, coal was used as a powerful source of energy
Thomas Newcomen and James Watt created a steam engine
Abraham Darby used coal to smelt iron
Henry Bessemer- The Bessemer process
Why are these new forms of technology/energy significant to the Industrial Revolution?
Steam Engine: (New Technology)
Provided Muscle and efficiency in industry
Coal: (New Energy)
powered industry
Iron: (New Technology)
Skeleton of industry

10. Why Britain?
England had the 4 factors for production necessary for industrialization
Land/Natural Resources Labor Capital Entrepreneurs

11. Factor #1-Land Natural resources such as:
water power and then coal to fuel new machines
iron ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings
raw materials such as cotton, hemp, wood, etc.
rivers for inland transportation
harbors from which merchant ships set sail

12. Factor #2-Labor An increase in population created a surplus of workers
Enclosed farms pushed farmers off the land and into the cities
Unskilled laborers were needed to run the machines
Middle management positions (factory managers, accountants, equipment managers)

13. Factor #3-Capital
A strong economic and political stability in England encouraged private investment
Banks gave loans to invest in new machinery and to expand operations
Business people invested in the manufacturing of new inventions

14. Factor #4-Entrepreneurs
People with a vision who see a need the public will respond to
People with skills and knowledge to gather the needed raw materials, recruit and organize workers, and arrange for capital and investments