1. Ch. 16: Section III: Dutch, French, and English Colonies (Pages 372-376) This section is about: This section is about: How the development of Dutch, French, and English colonies impacted Native American ways of life. How the development of Dutch, French, and English colonies impacted Native American ways of life. How the commercial revolution in Europe affected global domination. How the commercial revolution in Europe affected global domination.

2. Just by looking at the title of this section, you probably already know some of the things in this section. Just by looking at the title of this section, you probably already know some of the things in this section. Look at the map on page 375: you knew this, but match up the languages spoken today to the countries which settled the Americas. Look at the map on page 375: you knew this, but match up the languages spoken today to the countries which settled the Americas. On the “ Main Ideas ” (372) – lets at least look at the groups of people in this section. On the “ Main Ideas ” (372) – lets at least look at the groups of people in this section. There was a lot of risk at exploring and setting up colonies – many people you don ’ t hear about failed – or some who even died. There was a lot of risk at exploring and setting up colonies – many people you don ’ t hear about failed – or some who even died.

3. The Dutch Colonies Before the 1600 ’ s Spain was the only country doing much in the Americas. Before the 1600 ’ s Spain was the only country doing much in the Americas. The Netherlands, France, and England were busy fighting other wars. The Netherlands, France, and England were busy fighting other wars. In the early 1600 ’ s, they also decided they wanted land in the Americas. In the early 1600 ’ s, they also decided they wanted land in the Americas.

4. Dutch Interests The Dutch became the world ’ s strongest navy in the 1600 ’ s (often fighting Spain and Portugal). The Dutch became the world ’ s strongest navy in the 1600 ’ s (often fighting Spain and Portugal). They really wanted to take over Portugal ’ s world trading power. They really wanted to take over Portugal ’ s world trading power. They eventually took over their eastern trade (and Brazil in 1624) and started building colonies there – and in the Caribbean. They eventually took over their eastern trade (and Brazil in 1624) and started building colonies there – and in the Caribbean.

5. The Dutch in North America In 1609 Henry Hudson was hired to find a water route through North America. In 1609 Henry Hudson was hired to find a water route through North America. He first sailed up a river in the center of the continent – today it ’ s the Hudson River -claiming this area for the Netherlands (New Netherlands). He first sailed up a river in the center of the continent – today it ’ s the Hudson River -claiming this area for the Netherlands (New Netherlands). It ’ s biggest settlement was New Amsterdam – for fur traders on what ’ s now Manhattan Island. It ’ s biggest settlement was New Amsterdam – for fur traders on what ’ s now Manhattan Island. The colony was interested in profits more than religion, so Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews all settled there. The colony was interested in profits more than religion, so Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews all settled there. The English ended up capturing the colony in 1664 and changed it ’ s name – to honor it ’ s Duke of York. The English ended up capturing the colony in 1664 and changed it ’ s name – to honor it ’ s Duke of York.

6. Manhattan / New York City: Then and Now

7. French Settlements in the Americas France was slow coming to the Americas. France was slow coming to the Americas. They came to settle what is now Canada. They came to settle what is now Canada. The best know French explorer (Samuel de Champlain) founded Quebec in 1603. The best know French explorer (Samuel de Champlain) founded Quebec in 1603. He fought the Natives at times, but encouraged the fur trade and brought missionaries to convert the Native Americans. He fought the Natives at times, but encouraged the fur trade and brought missionaries to convert the Native Americans.

8. Colonizing New France New France became a province in 1663. New France became a province in 1663. But this was Iroquois land – and they didn ’ t want to share with the French (and they didn ’ t want to become Christians). But this was Iroquois land – and they didn ’ t want to share with the French (and they didn ’ t want to become Christians). The French kept pushing and exploring – into the Great Lakes region and then down the Mississippi River. The French kept pushing and exploring – into the Great Lakes region and then down the Mississippi River. They called this territory Louisiana (after King Louis XIV). They called this territory Louisiana (after King Louis XIV). They couldn ’ t get many French to settle there (too cold and too many Native American attacks). They couldn ’ t get many French to settle there (too cold and too many Native American attacks). Most settlers were young men who were fur traders. Most settlers were young men who were fur traders.

9. French West Indies French West Indies The French also began settling in the Caribbean (14 islands). The French also began settling in the Caribbean (14 islands). They mostly grew sugar cane there (with help from African slaves). They mostly grew sugar cane there (with help from African slaves). They also had a class system: Native French Native French merchants merchants sailors/pirates sailors/pirates small farmers small farmers hired workers from France hired workers from France slaves slaves

10. The English in North America John Cabot claimed the North Atlantic Coast for England in 1497. John Cabot claimed the North Atlantic Coast for England in 1497. They were interested in North America, but were also busy fighting the Spanish (and the “ Spanish Armada ” ). They were interested in North America, but were also busy fighting the Spanish (and the “ Spanish Armada ” ). After finally defeating them (in 1588), they concentrated more on North America. After finally defeating them (in 1588), they concentrated more on North America. English reasons for North America: To get rich To get rich Find a new trade route to India Find a new trade route to India Have religious freedom Have religious freedom Better economic opportunities Better economic opportunities

11. Early English Colonies Jamestown (1607) was the first successful English colony in North America. Jamestown (1607) was the first successful English colony in North America. King James gave the Virginia Company permission to settle there. King James gave the Virginia Company permission to settle there. But there were problems: But there were problems: Many settlers died from disease. Many settlers died from disease. They built the settlement on a swamp. They built the settlement on a swamp. Settlers were more interested in looking for gold than growing food (but eventually growing tobacco). Settlers were more interested in looking for gold than growing food (but eventually growing tobacco). ……………. …………….

12. Jamestown was the first European representative government in the Americas. Jamestown was the first European representative government in the Americas. They also brought the first enslaved Africans to the Americas. They also brought the first enslaved Africans to the Americas. Another English settlement was Plymouth Colony (in New England – in 1620). Another English settlement was Plymouth Colony (in New England – in 1620). Many people call these people “ the Pilgrims ” Many people call these people “ the Pilgrims ” These people are responsible for “ the Mayflower Compact ” - where they immediately agreed to a new government in their new home. These people are responsible for “ the Mayflower Compact ” - where they immediately agreed to a new government in their new home. There are journals of the Pilgrims – we know they also suffered and many died, and that they learned how to survive with the help of the Native Americans. There are journals of the Pilgrims – we know they also suffered and many died, and that they learned how to survive with the help of the Native Americans.

13. Thirteen Colonies By the 1700 ’ s, there were 13 colonies in North America (often farming). By the 1700 ’ s, there were 13 colonies in North America (often farming). Eventually, the various areas were “ specializing ” Eventually, the various areas were “ specializing ” New England: poor soil and tough weather, so they fished and built ships (lots of trees). New England: poor soil and tough weather, so they fished and built ships (lots of trees). Middle Colonies: mild climate and good soil – so they became farmers, but also good rivers and harbors for trade (Boston, N.Y., Philly, Baltimore). Middle Colonies: mild climate and good soil – so they became farmers, but also good rivers and harbors for trade (Boston, N.Y., Philly, Baltimore). Southern Colonies: great place to grow tobacco, rice, and indigo, but needed slaves to help on the farms. Southern Colonies: great place to grow tobacco, rice, and indigo, but needed slaves to help on the farms.

14. Native Americans The Dutch, French, and English (like the Spanish) all messed up the Native American ’ s lives. The Dutch, French, and English (like the Spanish) all messed up the Native American ’ s lives. Disease also killed many of these natives. Disease also killed many of these natives.

15. Sharing Land The Dutch mostly wanted to trade and open markets, so they left Native Americans alone (not even forcing them into Christianity). The Dutch mostly wanted to trade and open markets, so they left Native Americans alone (not even forcing them into Christianity). France tried to trade furs with the Native Americans, so as long as they didn ’ t get out of control, that could be okay. France tried to trade furs with the Native Americans, so as long as they didn ’ t get out of control, that could be okay. The English had the biggest impact on native Americans – although at first they did try working together (like Massasoit and the Wampanoag ’ s helping the Pilgrims). The English had the biggest impact on native Americans – although at first they did try working together (like Massasoit and the Wampanoag ’ s helping the Pilgrims).

16. The Commercial Revolution This was a time in history (even just in Europe at first) that trade, industry, and banking were starting to grow. This was a time in history (even just in Europe at first) that trade, industry, and banking were starting to grow. Discoveries in the Americas helped push this revolution along. Discoveries in the Americas helped push this revolution along. Gold and silver discoveries signaled the start of a money based economy (and not just trade). Gold and silver discoveries signaled the start of a money based economy (and not just trade).

17. Rising Prices Spanish gold and silver discoveries led to higher prices for just about everything. Spanish gold and silver discoveries led to higher prices for just about everything. So the Spanish decided to buy things from other countries – and their gold/silver went there. So the Spanish decided to buy things from other countries – and their gold/silver went there. Then, their prices for things went up. Then, their prices for things went up. In some places, prices for things doubled and tripled. In some places, prices for things doubled and tripled. This is called inflation. This is called inflation.

18. Overseas Investments All this trade led to the growth of capitalism (investing money and expecting/hoping to get a profit). All this trade led to the growth of capitalism (investing money and expecting/hoping to get a profit). Many European investors thought they could best make money in the Americas. Many European investors thought they could best make money in the Americas. Overseas investments are risky though – so they came up with a new idea – the joint stock company. Overseas investments are risky though – so they came up with a new idea – the joint stock company. Joint stock company ’ s combine many investors together: where you can invest in bigger things (but share a profit –or share a loss if the investment goes bad). Joint stock company ’ s combine many investors together: where you can invest in bigger things (but share a profit –or share a loss if the investment goes bad). (people who put money into a company) All the people who invest in the company share in the profits and risks: so they ’ re called: shareholders