1. CHAPTER 4- PLANTING COLONIES
SPAIN BUILDS AN EMPIRE
FRENCH AND DUTCH SETTLEMENTS
FIRST ENGLISH COLONIES: JAMESTOWN AND PLYMOUTH

2. SPANISH GOVERMENTS KING DIVIDED NEW WORLD INTO NEW SPAIN AND PERU
EACH REGION HAD A VICEROY WHO RULED IN THE NAME OF THE KING
LAW OF THE INDIES ALLOWED 3 SETTLEMENTS
PUEBLOS-TOWNS THAT WERE THE CENTER OF TRADE AND FARMING
PRESIDIOS-FORTS TO HOUSE SOLDIERS AND PROTECT THE COLONY
MISSIONS-SET UP TO CONVERT NATIVE AMERICANS TO CATHOLICISM

3. SPANISH SOCIAL CLASSES
PENINSULARES-BORN IN SPAIN; OWNED MUCH LAND; LIVED IN CITIES; ONLY ONES WHO COULD GOVERN
CREOLES-DESCENDED FROM THE PENINSULARES; WEALTH, WELL-EDUCATED. OWNED LARGE FARMS AND LAND
MESTIZOS-MIXED BACKGROUND-SPANISH AND INDIAN BACKGROUND;WORKED ON FARMS BUT SOME WERE SKILLED CRAFTSMEN
NATIVE AMERICANS-KEPT IN POVERTY; MANY WERE KILLED DUE TO WARS AND DISEASE

4. DESTRUCTION OF NATIVE AMERICANS
SPAIN SET UP PLANTATIONS ENSLAVED, TAXED, FOUND GOLD AND FORCED NATIVES TO WORK IN THE MINES
DEATH FROM DISEASE-NO IMMUNITY FROM SMALLPOX, MEALSES AND TYPHOID
ATTEMPTS TO PROTECT NATIVES-BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS
ENDED ENSLAVEMENT OF NATIVE AMERICANS
ENCOURAGED THE IMPORTATION OF AFRICAN SLAVES-AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AND IMMUNE TO EUROPEAN DISEASES
PLANTATION ESTABLISHED AND THOUSANDS OF SLAVES BROUGHT TO AMERICA
LAS CASAS LATER REGRETTED HIS IDEA.

5. SPANISH CULTURE-(LANGUAGE AND RELIGION) SPREADS THROUGHOUT THE NEW WORLD AND REMAINS TO THIS DAY

6. French and Dutch Colonies
European nations were interested in the wealth
generated by the Spanish colonies.
They would not find any gold but
Did generate wealth through the fur trade.

7. First French settlements
Settled Canada, the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence, the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico
Verrazano-explored much of the east coast including New York and the Narragansett Bay
Champlain-started a colony in Quebec, 1608, which became a major center of the fur trade.
Marquette & Joilet-Sailed on the Mississippi and attempted to convert Native Americans to Catholicism, 1673.
LaSalle-explored the entire Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico and named the entire area, Louisiana
French forts were build along the major rivers and trading post were set up.
Due to poor farming conditions, these colonies (population) grew very slowly but much profit was made on “French Gold”-the fur trade.

8. DUTCH & SWEDISH SETTLEMENT
BOTH CAME DUE TO FUR TRADE
DUTCH SETTLED AROUND THE HUDSON RIVER IN NY
NEW AMSTERDAM (NEW YORK) FOUNDED BY PETER MINUIT. FORTS BUILT ALONG THE RIVER ES. FORT ORANGE (ALBANY)
SWEDEN STARTED COLONIES ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER IN NEW JERSEY-FUR TRADE
DUTCH TAKE NEW SWEDEN IN 1655
ENGLAND TOOK ALL THIS TERRITORY IN A WAR IN 1664.

9. England’s first colony- “The Lost Colony”
Roanoke, VA. 1587
Sir Walter Raleigh raised $ and John White with 117 others along with his daughter who gave birth to the first English child (Virginia Dare) born in the New World
White returned to England for more supplies, but couldn’t return until 1590.
The colony and all colonists were gone

10. Jamestown-First Permanent Colony, 1607
Financed by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company
Almost failed--Settlers only wanted to find gold & not prepare shelter or start farms
Saved by John Smith’s “No work, no food” policy and by 1609 over 500 settlers had arrived

11. Jamestown-First Permanent Colony, 1607
The “Starving Time” almost ended the colony when over half died due to starvation and sickness
Native Americans helped to save 60 by giving the English food
Colony was saved economically by John Rolfe who introduced tobacco

12. Representative Government
Governor sent to VA with orders to consult with the settlers
Land owners elected burgesses (representatives) who met in the House of Burgesses to make laws for the colony
Idea of self-government rooted in the Magna Carta signed in 1215 when the Great Council grew into Parliament.

13. Settlement of Plymouth
Separatists wanted to escape religious persecution in England & began a religious journey--became Pilgrims
Separatists wanted to separate from the official church, the Church of England
Separatists=Protestants=Pilgrims. Separatists are not Puritans or Catholics. Puritans=Protestants but not Pilgrims

14. Settlement of Plymouth
Pilgrims first go to Leyden in the Netherlands for religious freedom. Had freedom but did not like the Dutch culture
Received a charter to settle in VA
Left England in September and due to storms ended up off Cape Cod

15. Settlement of Plymouth
A charter was a plan of gov’t to run the colony, but since they were not in VA, the Pilgrims had no charter therefore no government.
MAYFLOWER COMPACT-Pilgrims wrote a plan of gov’t to allow the colony to succeed.
Colony almost failed and was saved by Samoset and Squanto who taught the Pilgrims how to farm and hunt.
In the fall of 1621, they had a good harvest and held a day of thanks--Thanksgiving

16. Major Differences between Jamestown & Plymouth
Only men and boys
Went to make profits
Most not used to manual labor
Plymouth
Family units went to the New World
Purpose-new life and religious freedom
Used to working as farmers and believed that it was God’s will they survive