1. Who was to blame for The Cold War ?

2. Section B – The Cold War 1945 -75
Paper One – 2 Hours
The Big Picture
Part One – 50 mins
Section B – The Cold War
Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who won the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Why did the USA fail in Vietnam?
Part Two 70 mins
Depth Study – Causes and Events of the 1st World War
Why was there increasing tension between the Great Powers, 1890–1914?
Why did the First World War break out in 1914?
What happened on the Western Front?
How important were the other fronts?

3. The Cold War
Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?

4. Copy down this definition
A cold War is a state of political tension and military rivalry between nations that stops short of full-scale war
Copy down this definition

5. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Lesson Objectives
To understand the difference between Communism and Capitalism
To apply this to causes of the Cold War
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

6. Communism - A theoretical economic system characterized by the collective ownership of property and by the organization of labor for the common advantage of all members.
Capitalism - An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately or corporately owned and development is proportionate to the accumulation and reinvestment of profits.

7. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?V
I’m John the Capitalist
I’m Alexander the Communist
Your challenge
Decide who would have said each statement, John or Alexander.
Look at the two sets of statements, what are the advantages and disadvantages of John’s life
Look at the two sets of statements, what are the advantages and disadvantages of Alexander’s life
Whose life is better do you think? Refer to two statements as supporting evidence
Why do you think the differences between Capitalism and Communism may have contributed to the start of the Cold War?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

8. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Using page 69
Draw this table in your book. Sort the key facts about each country to match each of the 3 sections (Elections, Industry, Individual Rights)
Pick out your top 3 reasons why the 2 countries will be suspicious of each other.
USSR
USA
Elections
Industry
Individual Rights

9. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Write a sentence explaining what the difference is between communism and capitalism
Now write another sentence explaining why the USA was worried about communism

10. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Lesson Objectives
To understand what changed between Britain, the USA and the USSR after the end of the war
To find out why they mistrusted each other
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

11. What other questions do I have?
What else do I need to know to explain this source?
What do I know already that helps explain this source?
What can I learn from this source?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

12. Are you surprised by the source?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

13. What is the message of this Source ?
Nature
Origin
Purpose
MESSAGE
Own Knowledge
(A British Cartoon from 1941 with the caption, “love conquers all”)
So are the 3 nations friends or allies ?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

14. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
What is the message of Source 2 ? (A British Cartoon from 1941 with the caption, “love conquers all”)
So are the 3 nations friends or allies ?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

15. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Lesson Objectives
To understand the reasons for the Yalta Conference
To learn about the tensions and suspicions that were surfacing at that Conference and the main concerns of the 3 big powers
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

16. What is the purpose of this source?
A Publicity photo of the three leaders at the Yalta Conference Feb 1945
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

17. What is the message of this Source ?
Nature
Origin
Purpose
MESSAGE
Own Knowledge
A Publicity photo of the three leaders at the Yalta Conference Feb 1945
So are the 3 nations friends or allies ?

18. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
In February 1945 Germany was losing the war; the 3 leaders of Britain, the USA and the USSR met at Yalta to plan what would happen to Europe after Germany was defeated.
Conference Yalta
Use page 70 to complete a table about the decisions that were taken at this conference.
Then decide if there were any tensions over these decisions.
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

19. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
The Yalta Conference
Decisions about Germany
Decisions about the USSR
Decisions about Poland
Decisions about the UNO
Other Decisions
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

20. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Eastern Soviet
zone
After World War 2, America, Britain, France and the Soviet Union could not agree on how to govern Germany.
Berlin, also divided into 4 zones but in the centre of the Soviet zone
3 western zones
Who was to blame for the Cold War? 20

21. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
How far do you think the decision to divide Germany would cause problems in the future?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

22. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Behind the Scenes at Yalta
Use the source packs to complete the sheets about each country.
What tensions have you found ?
Think back to the photo of the 3 leaders – is it a true representation of their relationship?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

23. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Lesson Objectives
To understand the disagreements at the Potsdam Conference
To learn more about the breakdown in relations
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

24. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Watch this clip about the background to the Potsdam conference; what does it reveal about the disagreements between the USA and the USSR ?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

25. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945? Page 74
Before the Potsdam Conference 3 changes had taken place since Yalta that might affect relations between the USA and the USSR.
Use page 74 to find and explain these 3 changes
Before the Conference
Will it make it easier or more difficult to reach decisions?
1. Stalin`s Armies
2. New President
3. New Weapon

26. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
At the Conference there were disagreements.
Use page 75 to identify what each country wanted.
Why could the 2 countries not agree ?
What the USA wants
What the USSR wants
Germany
Reparations
Soviet Policy
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

27. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
MESSAGE
Evidence from source
Own Knowledge

28. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
From page 75 list the places in Europe where Communist governments existed.
Listen to Churchill`s speech then explain the message of the cartoon.
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

29. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
What key events have allowed relations to deteriorate by 1945 ? Look at the list and decide on the order of importance.
Difference in ideologies
Suspicion of Russian intentions
Truman replacing Roosevelt
Communist governments in eastern Europe
The threat of the atomic bomb
Complete the following paragraph – By the end of the Potsdam Conference relations between the USA and the USSR were not good because-
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

30. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
MESSAGE
Evidence from source
Own Knowledge
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

31. Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945?
Are you surprised by this source ? Use the source and your
own knowledge to explain
your answer
A Publicity photo of the three leaders at the Potsdam Conference July 1945
Note the USA has a new leader!
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

32. How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
Lesson Objectives
To learn about how the USSR had expanded
To understand why they had done so
To understand why this caused tension with the USA
What does this tell you about the expansion of the USSR ?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

33. How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
Use the map and information on page 76 to help answer questions 1 and 2.
What, according to Source A was Stalin`s view of the expansion of the USSR ?
Source A
What is surprising about the fact that the Soviet Union, worried about its future safety, wants governments friendly to it in Finland, Poland and Romania?
Stalin, writing in March 1946
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

34. How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
Coalition government after the war
Winning elections
Imprison /exile /execute opposition
Members of Cominform
Put the countries in the correct column; countries can go into more than 1 column.
East Germany Poland Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria Albania Yugoslavia Greece
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

35. Who was to blame for the Cold War?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

36. How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948?
Answer the following questions using Source 24 and page Which countries did Stalin not succeed in controlling? Why was this ? 2. How far do you agree with Churchill that Soviet expansion created an “Iron Curtain” ?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

37. You have 7 minutes remember give three clear reasons
Explain why the USA was suspicious of the
expansion of the USSR in Eastern Europe in (6 marks)
One reason is
Another reason is
My final reason is
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

38. To understand what The Truman Doctrine was
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism? The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
Lesson Objectives
To understand what The Truman Doctrine was
To understand how the Marshall Plan was to work
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

39. How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
Use pages 78 and 79
Intervention in Greece
Why did the USA and Britain intervene in Greece?
How did they intervene in Greece?
Was this intervention successful?
Intervention in Czechoslovakia
Did Britain and USA intervene in Czechoslovakia?
What was the result for Czechoslovakia?
What has the USA learnt from these two examples
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

40. How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
The Truman Doctrine
What points are being made by Truman in this speech in 1948 ?
What is the USA going to do?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

41. Explain what the Truman Doctrine was in a maximum of 25 words
How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism? The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan
Watch this and review what we have learned about the relationship between the USA and the USSR and the Truman Doctrine
Explain what the Truman Doctrine was in a maximum of 25 words
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

42. How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
Use page 79 to research The Marshall Plan
Explain why President Truman wanted this plan.
Describe what the plan intended to do
Explain what persuaded the American Congress to agree to this plan.
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

43. How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism? The Marshal Plan
MESSAGE
Evidence from source
Own Knowledge
American cartoon of the Marshall Plan
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

44. How did the USA react to Soviet expansionism?
The Truman Doctrine
The Marshall Plan
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

45. To understand why the USSR blockaded Berlin
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Lesson Objectives
To understand why the USSR blockaded Berlin
To learn about the creation of NATO
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

46. watch this clip about the Berlin blockade
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
watch this clip about the Berlin blockade
Under the title ‘The Berlin Blockade’ write your own account of what happened. Max 50 words
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

47. Find three reasons why the USSR blockaded Berlin
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
The Berlin Blockade
Find three reasons why the USSR blockaded Berlin
Explain the response from the USA
Was the response successful? Give two reasons why
Page 81
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

48. What does NATO stand for? Why was NATO formed?
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
What does NATO stand for?
Why was NATO formed?
Does this increase tension?
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

49. To begin to apportion blame for the start of the Cold War
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Lesson Objectives
To begin to apportion blame for the start of the Cold War
To come to a judgement as to who was more responsible
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

50. Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Sort the statements into three piles. Evidence Russia was to blame Evidence the USA was to blame Other factors Now prioritize the slips Based on this evidence who was most to blame? Copy the top three reasons for each side Write a conclusion based on the evidence
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

51. Watch this clip to revise what we have been learning.
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Watch this clip to revise what we have been learning.
Review all your work on this topic
Find best evidence that
The USA was to blame
Find the best evidence that
The USSR was to blame and write it down
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

52. To practise use of sources
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Lesson Objectives
To review the topic
To practise use of sources
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

53. Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Remember :
Communism / capitalism
Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference
Personalities of Truman / Stalin
Soviet expansion in eastern Europe
Idea of Superpowers
Reaction of USA – Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan
Berlin Blockade
NATO
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

54. Who was to blame for The Cold War
Who was to blame for The Cold War ? Add one specific example that helped cause the Cold War for every point in the Flow MAP
Potsdam
Conference
Intervention in Greece
Failure in Czechoslovakia
USA & USSR allies/friends against Germany
Yalta Conference
USA trial Bomb
Truman becomes President
Soviet
Expansion in Eastern Europe
Churchill refers to an ‘Iron Curtain’
Truman Doctrine
Marshal Plan
Berlin Blockade
Cold War
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USSR causing tension in Red
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USA causing tension in Blue
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

55. Mark the Events that can be seen as the USSR causing tension in Red
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Add
Truman Doctrine Speech
Yalta conference
Cominform set up
Hitler defeated
Marshall Plan introduced
Atomic Bomb tested
Berlin Blockade
Truman becomes President
NATO set up
Potsdam Conference
Berlin Blockade lifted
Iron Curtain Speech
Examples of expansion
Examples of Containment
Put on the key events between 1945 and 1950
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USSR causing tension in Red
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USA causing tension in Blue
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

56. Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Put on the key events between 1945 and 1950
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USSR causing tension in Red
Mark the Events that can be seen as the USA causing tension in Blue
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

57. Remember which key term refers to which country
Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Examples of Soviet Expansion
Examples of Soviet Expansion being contained
Poland
Greece
Romania
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
Czechoslovakia
Berlin Airlift
Remember which key term refers to which country
USA
USSR
America
Russia
Capitalist
Communist
West Europe
East Europe
Containment
Expansion
Who was to blame for the Cold War?

58. The USA
was to blame

59. The USSR
was to blame

60. Both were
to blame

61. The cold war was inevitable – so no-one was to blame

62. Who was more to blame for the start of the Cold War, the USA or the USSR?
Lesson Objectives
To attempt exam questions
To peer mark exam questions