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3. Fractures
HOPS
Joints
“How To”
Tests
Bonus
Category
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4. What is the difference between a Simple and Compound Fracture?

5. Simple: Does not break the skin Compound: Breaks through the skin

6. What kind of fracture is this?

7. Transverse Fracture

8. What kind of fracture is this?

9. Spiral Fracture

10. What happens when you facture the epiphyseal plate?

11. Growth Plate Damage
Bone Growth Damage
May require surgery

12. Name 5 different types of fractures

13. Transverse
Comminuted
Impacted
Spiral
Oblique
Green Stick
Epiphyseal
Avulsion
Stress Fracture

14. What does the H in HOPS stand for and what is an example?

15. H – HISTORY -Listen to Athlete
-Ask specific questions
-Mechanism of injury (how it occurred)
-When? First Time?
-How long have you had the symptoms?
-Does the pain change? Subside?
-Any Medical History
-Point with one finger to where it hurts

16. What does the O in HOPS stand for and what is an example?

17. -Any abnormal movements?
O – OBSERVATION
-Any abnormal movements?
-Deformities, Asymmetrical, Swollen, Atrophy, Sounds
-Bilateral Comparison

18. What does the P in HOPS stand for and what is an example?

19. P – Palpatations -Begin with light touches to deeper
-Start away from injury and work towards
-Feel for edema, increase temp, abnormal protuberances, muscle tension, atrophy, crepitus, pulse

20. What does S in HOPS stand for and what is an example?

21. S- SPECIAL TESTS 1) Joint Range of Motion (ROM)
AROM- ( active range of motion)
PROM- ( Passive range of motion) RROM-(resistive range of motion) painful and/or weak
2) Neurological a) Sensory testing
b) Reflex testing
3) Special Tests for each Joint
Designed for specific body region
4) Functional Tests - test whether the athlete can return to sport participation. They are sport or job related specific. Start off with less stress and move to more stress

22. When should HOPS be performed?

23. Only Start HOPS after all serious/life threatening injuries are ruled out. It is ideally performed in the training room.

24. What is a joint?

25. A joint is where two bones meet

26. What are the three types of movements that joints can perform?

27. Freely Movable/Synovial
Immovable
Slightly Movable
Freely Movable/Synovial

28. What is a Synovial Joint?

29. Most common and most movable type of joint in the body

30. What is an example of a Immovable, Slightly Movable and Freely Movable Joint?

31. Slightly Movable (ex: Spine, Vertebrae)
Immovable (ex: Skull)
Slightly Movable (ex: Spine, Vertebrae)
- Movable / Freely Movable (ex: Ball & Socket, Hinge, Saddle, Pivot, Gliding)

32. Name 4 of the 6 types of joints and give examples of each

33. Ellipsoid - Radius & Ulna Meet Carpals Gliding – Wrist
Hinge - Elbow & Knee
Saddle – Thumb
Pivot – Neck
Ellipsoid - Radius & Ulna Meet Carpals
Gliding – Wrist
Ball and Socket - Hip & Shoulder

34. Test that the doctor performs tapping that produces force along the shaft of the bone, which causes pain at the sight of injury.

35. Percussion

36. Test that uses a tuning fork or hammer to test whether the vibration causes pain

37. Vibration

38. Test that pushes bone together to see if it causes pain

39. Compression

40. Test that pulls bone away from the body feels better than normal, it could be FX

41. Distraction

42. What is a functional test?

43. Test whether the athlete can return to sport participation
Test whether the athlete can return to sport participation. They are sport or job related specific. Start off with less stress and move to more stress

44. What are 3 symptoms of a fracture?

45. Changing Colors / Bruising
Swelling
Pain
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Deformity
Changing Colors / Bruising
Pain more at night

46. What are the three phases of Injury Healing?

47. 1) Acute Response: 1-3 Days
-Edema (swelling), Redness/Local Heat, Pain
-Vasoconstriction : Could lead to Hypoxia (Tissue with low oxygen) or Necrosis (Death of Tissue)
-Vasodilation: Increased Blood Flow (Swelling/Pain)
2)Repair & Regeneration: 6-8 Weeks
-New Cells/Skin
-Scar Tissue: Inelastic, Not as Flexible and Strong
3) Recovery: Up to a Year
- Return to Normal
- Strengthen Muscles

48. What are the parts of the Synovial Joint?

49. Capsule
Synovial Membrane
Synovial Fluid
Hyaline Cartilage

50. What is Crepitus?

51. Crunchy sound the bone makes

52. What is Hypoxia?
What is Necrosis?

53. Hypoxia – Low oxygen to tissues Necrosis – Death of tissue

54. Final Jeopardy
Make your wager

55. Why is an epiphyseal fracture a concern?

56. It can lead to deformity