1. Theories of Development

2. Models of development…
VS.

3. Why so many theories? Psychologists are totally confused
Psychologists are not confused, but recognize that theories are like toothbrushes…

4. Two traditions
Tabula rasa
‘natural man’

5. Scientific Beginnings
Darwin

6. Scientific Beginnings
Gesell

7. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

8. Erikson’s PsychoSocial Stages
Erik Erikson’s stage theory of personality-
Classic theory, developed in 60s. Built on Freud’s, and extended it to encompass entire lifespan (rem when Freud’s theory stops? adolescence).
- Agreed w/ Freud that early childhood experiences leave a permanent stamp on adult personality, but also thought that personality continues to develop throughout life.
Idea- 8 stages throughout life
Each marked by a specific psychosocial crisis that involves confronting a fundamental question, such as “Who am I and where am I going?”
Outcome of crisis  balance tw alternative personality traits
Healthy dev = when a crisis is resolved in favor of the healthier alternative (listed 1st).
Overall eval:
PROs- can explain both continuity and change
breadth of scope, incl old age
CONs- depends largely on case studies
doesn’t explain ind diffs

9. Behaviorism: Classical Conditioning

10. Behaviorism: Operant Conditioning

11. Behaviorism: Social Learning Theory

12. Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

14. Information Processing Approaches

15. Vgotsky’s SocioCultural Theory

16. Ethology and Evolutionary Psychology
Critical Periods and Sensitive Periods
Evolutionary Developmental Psychology
Adaptive value to the species

17. Brofenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

18. Comprehension Check
Which theory could include the microgenetic approach?

19. Comprehension Check
Which theory most resembles this?