1. Review for the Regents
The Bill of Rights

2. 1st Amendment
Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly and petition.
Not unrestricted- Schenck v. U.S. cannot create “a clear and present danger”
Religion- Engel v. Vitale- Regents prayer
Press- Hazelwood v. Kulhmeir- student newspaper.
Speech- Bethel School District v. Frazier- student speech.

3. 2nd Amendment The right to possess firearms.
Added because originally only had state militia.

4. 3rd Amendment No quarter of soldiers.
Added because of the Quartering Act during the American Revolution.

5. 4th Amendment Protects against unreasonable searches and seizure.
N.J. v. TLO- students can be searched- need “reasonable suspicion” not “probable cause.”
Vernonia v. Acton- mandatory drug testing of student athletes is allowed.

6. 5th Amendment Life, liberty and property Due process
Issues involved in this amendment: abortion (Roe v. Wade), death penalty (Missouri v. Watkins), euthanasia.

7. 6th Amendment
Trial by jury in a criminal case.

8. 7th Amendment
Trial by jury in a civil case.

9. 8th Amendment Prohibits excessive bail, fines and punishment.
Issue: death penalty.

10. 9th Amendment
Rights not mentioned in the Constitution belong to the people.

11. 10th Amendment
Powers not given to the national government and the people are given to the state.

12. 13,14,15 13- ends slavery 14- citizenship 15-black male suffrage.
Added because of the Civil War and Reconstruction.

13. 18 & 21 18- Prohibition Added because of domestic violence
21- repealed prohibition
Added because of organized crime, speakeasies, bootlegging.

14. 19
Women’s suffrage
Added because women went to work, sold war bonds, volunteered for the Red Cross during WWI.

15. 22
President limited to two terms.
Added because FDR served 4 terms.

16. 25 Presidential succession and disability.
Added because of the assassination of JFK

17. 26
Lowered voting age to 18.
Added because of Vietnam.