1. The Call to Arms
15-1
By : Hannah and Emily

2. Taking Sides in the War
2 days after Fort Sumter’s surrender Lincoln asked the nations governors to raise 75,000 troops
Governors from Ohio, Indiana, and several other states begged to send extra troops

3. More States Secede Not all states were happy about sending troops
The governor of Tennessee said his state “will not furnish a single man to fight against our southern brothers”
Governors of Kentucky and Missouri stated the same response to Lincoln as well
Lincoln’s request made more states secede
April 17, Virginia also left
In May, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina left
Western counties of Virginia refused to secede

4. More States Secede 2
In 1863 these fifty counties were admitted to the union as the state of West Virginia

5. The Border States
Delaware had few slave states and strongly supported the Union
Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland mainly favored with the South
Kentucky was first claimed neutral
Kentucky and Missouri were important to controlling the Mississippi and Ohio rivers
Union wanted to occupy Kentucky, but Lincoln had said no
When Confederate forces invaded Kentucky in September 1861, Kentucky decided to stay with the North

6. The Border States 2 Lincoln forcefully held Missouri and Maryland
Missouri’s government decided to side with the South
The Union supporters in Missouri made their own state government
Lincoln sent troops to Missouri
Missouri stayed in the Union throughout the war
Southern sympathizers destroyed railroads and telegraph lines in Maryland
Lincoln placed eastern Maryland under martial law
Maryland people who were suspected of disloyalties were jailed without trials

7. Southern Advantages They would be fighting on their own territory
Most of the nation’s experienced military officers were southerners
The three top generals of the Confederacy were Albert Johnston, Joseph Johnston, and Robert E. Lee all resigned from the U.S. army to fight for the South

8. Northern Advantages 1861- the U.S. had about 130,000 factories
110,000 of the factories belonged to the North
The North had twice as much farmland and railroads
They had a population advantage
2/3 of the people stayed in the Union
Were able to feed, field, and equipt larger armies

9. The Sides Plan Strategies
The North wanted to gain control of the Mississippi they also wanted to take control of Richmond, Virginia which was the Confederate capital
The South didn’t want to take over the North
The Confederates would defend their land until they got tired of fighting

10. Americans Against Americans
The war broke families apart
Lincoln’s four brother-in-laws fought for the Confederacy
Almost half of the North’s troops were farmers and ¼ were immigrants
Some were as young as 14

11. First Battle of Bull Run
Union General Irvan McDowell wanted his soldiers to be good fighters
McDonwell’s 30,000 men left Washington and marched to Virginia
25 miles away the same amount of Confederates were waiting in Manassas
Hundreds of people came from D.C. to see the battle
They expected the Union to win very easily
The armies clashed along the Bull Run on July 21
The Bull Run was a river just north of Manassas

12. First Battle of Bull Run
The Union was winning at first
Later on the war was being won by the Confederacy
The Union and their untrained soldiers as well as the sightseers fled back to Washington
The Confederates were to exhausted to go after them

13. A Soldier's Life Most of the soldiers spent ¾ of their time at camp
Up to 10 hours a day were spent on training
When the soldiers were not busy training they were either guarding camp, Writing letters back to home, or gathering firewood

14. Harsh Conditions One major health threat was clean water
Conditions were terrible especially when it is wet outside because of the muddy roads and fields
There were many outbreaks of smallpox, typhoid fever, and other diseases
It was usual for men to be too sick to fight

15. Prisoners of War
Both sides had built prison camps and captured soldiers
Nearly 10 percent of soldiers who had died in war were perished in camps
Prison camps were deathtraps
The worst camps were up in Elmira, New York, and Andersonville
The Elmira camp was meant to hold up to 5,000 Confederate prisoners but held 10,000
Elmira forced them to eat only bread and water so the prisoners were forced to eat rats to survive

16. Prisoners of War
At Andersonville, nearly 35,000 Union soldiers were placed in a fenced in open field meant to hold only 10,000 men
Around 100 soldiers died each day from either starvation or exposure