1. C ONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS

2. Bill of Rights First 10 Amendments, added to appease Anti-Federalists in turn for their support of ratification of Constitution First 10 Amendments, added to appease Anti-Federalists in turn for their support of ratification of Constitution Written in 1789, Adopted in 1791 Written in 1789, Adopted in 1791

3. Basic Rights First - guarantees citizens rights to freedom of religion, speech, press, and political activities Second - right to bear arms as members of a militia of citizen-soldiers Third– prevents government from quartering soldiers in private homes (except in war if it is prescribed by law)

4. Rights of Accused Fourth – right against unreasonable search and seizure Fifth– indictment required to be put on trial, protection against double jeopardy, right against self incrimination, property protection Sixth– right to speedy public trial by jury Seventh –right to jury trial in civil cases Eighth– protection against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

5. Rights of States & People Ninth – makes it clear that people’s rights are not restricted to just those mentioned in Constitution Tenth – clarifies that the people and the states have all the powers that the Constitution does not specifically give to the national government nor deny to the states

6. How Amendments Are Made Proposal by: – 2/3 of Congress OR – 2/3 of delegates to a special convention, called for by Congress Ratification by: – 3/4 of states legislatures OR – 3/4 of special ratifying conventions held in each state

7. Changes to Government 11(1795) changed way court cases were handled 12(1804) Electors must vote for Pres and VP 16(1913) instituted income tax 17(1913) direct election of US senators 20(1933) set date for presidential inauguration 25(1967) set line of succession for president 27(1992) banned Congress from increasing salary until after election

8. Individual and Voting Rights 13 (1865)outlawed slavery 14 (1868)defined citizens, protects rights 15 (1870)suffrage to African Americans 18(1919)prohibition 19(1920)suffrage to women 21(1933) repealed 18 th 22(1951)limited president to 2 terms 23(1961)granted DC electors 24(1964)outlawed poll taxes 26(1971)set national voting age at 18

9. Struggle for Civil Rights Discrimination – unfair treatment of a certain group Segregation – social separation of races Civil rights – rights of full citizenship and equality under the law Affirmative Action – programs to try to make up for past discrimination Racial profiling – being singled out as suspects because of they way people look Review Notable Court Cases, page 114