1. Russian Revolution
Peace, Land, Bread

2. Causes

3. 1. First Stages of Industrialization
An Early Russian Factory

4. 1. The Industrial Revolution Comes to Russia
By 1900, Russia was the world’s second largest producer of petroleum and the 4th largest producer of steel
Growth of urban working class
Living in crowded, unsanitary barracks
They will influence the revolutions in the early 20th century

5. 2. Weak Economy Low wages Food shortages Inflation
By 1917 strikes were common
1905 Russian Rubles

6. 3. Extensive Foreign Investments & Influence
Building the Trans-Siberian RR [Economic benefits only in a few regions.]

7. Russia Is Humiliated 4. The Russo-Japanese War: 1904-1905
The Battle of Tsushima: The results startled the world!

8. The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg
Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905
The Czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

9. 5. Bloody Sunday January 22, 1905
Imperial Guard fires on demonstrators in St. Petersburg (wanted improved working conditions and fairer wages)
Blatant disregard for the common people

10. The Revolution Spreads
Peasants seized nobles’ lands
Workers in cities joined demonstration and went on strike

11. Russian Cossacks Slaughter The People in Odess
Anti-Jewish Attacks
Russian Pogroms (Massacre on Jews)

12. 6. Losses in WWI Millions of casualties Major defeats in battle
Loss of Polish and Ukrainian territories

13. Results

14. Nicholas II: The Last Romanov Tsar [r. 1894-1917]

15. The Tsar & His Family

16. The Collapse of the Imperial Government
Nicholas left for the Front—September, 1915
Alexandra and Rasputin ruin the gov’t
Alexandra and other high government officials accused of treason

17. Alexandra: The Power Behind the Throne
Committed to tyranny
She was under the influence of Rasputin
Origins of Rasputin’s power – “mystic healer”
Scandals surrounding Rasputin served to discredit the monarchy

18. The Collapse of the Imperial Government (cont)
Rasputin assassinated in December of 1916
mismanagement of the wartime economy
Industry plummeted
Inflation and Starvation were rampant
Cities became a hotbed for revolution

19. The Two Revolutions of 1917 The March Revolution (March 12)
The November Revolution (November 6)

20. The March Revolution (1917)
“Down with the war!”
Food Riots and Strikes
Tsar abdicated Provisional government set up
Kerensky favored gradual socialist reform/ saw the war effort as #1 priority
Lost popular support

21. Russian Marxists In 1903, split into two groups.
Mensheviks (minority): Wanted a broad base of popular support.
Bolsheviks (majority): Supported a small number of committed revolutionaries.
Lenin became the major leader of the Bolsheviks.

22. Lenin
Adapted ideas of Karl Marx (Communist Manifesto) to meet the needs of Russia
Marx:
Revolution would begin with the proletariat (workers) and overthrow capitalist (business owners)
Lenin:
Revolution would come from an elite (small) group of reformers, the Bolsheviks

23. Lenin—Bolshevik Revolution
Led Bolshevik Revolution
Promises “Peace, Bread, and Land”

24. Bolshevik Revolution Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize power in Oct. 1917
Lenin’s Reforms
Redistributes farmland to peasants
Control of factories given to workers
Withdrew from WWI
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Russian Civil War

25. August 1917-July 1918
Ramanov’s evacuated while red army and revolution heat up
During the early morning of July 16, 1918, at approximately 1:30, Nicholas, Alexandra, their children, their physician, and several servants were taken into the basement and killed by the Bolsheviks.

26. Reforms of Vladimir Lenin
New Economic Policy (NEP)
Creates limited capitalist reforms to stimulate economy
Small manufacturers and farmers were allowed to own their own business and sell for a profit
Dies in 1924
Battle for succession between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin