1. “Sin writes histories, goodness is silent.”
~Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

2. - What are the major consequences of the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876) concerning its effects upon the history of South Dakota?
(1) In response, in 1876 U.S. Government stops annuity and food payments at Pine Ridge and Rosebud Agencies, the “surrender or starve” policy.
(2) U.S. stops negotiating for the Black Hills.
(3) As further punishment, in 1879, Lakota children are some of the first children taken to Carlisle Indian School.

3. Ways in which the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 was violated …
(1) Post-1874: Trespassing on Lakota lands (citizens) (2) 1875: President Grant stopped kicking settlers out of the Black Hills (3) 1876: U.S. Govt. ceased Lakotas right to Unceded Territory (4) 1876: The U.S. Government cut-off food and annuity payments to Lakota peoples or the “surrender or starve” policy.
(5) 1877: Black Hills Cession (1877) The number of Lakota males that agreed to give up the Black Hills never reached the ¾ requirement.

4. - Why was the Black Hills Cession of 1877 later considered illegal by the U.S. Supreme Court (1980)?
The Black Hills Cession violated the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868:
(1) The number of Lakota males that agreed to give up the Black Hills never reached the ¾ requirement.
(2) The U.S. Government cut-off food and annuity payments to Lakota people or the “surrender or starve” policy.

5. “A more ripe and rank case of dishonorable dealing will never, in all probability, be found in our history, [with] the duplicity of President Grant in breaching the Government’s obligations to keep trespassers out of the Black Hills and the pattern of duress practiced by the Government of starving the Sioux to get them to agree to the sale of the Black Hills.” - U.S. Claims Court, 1985

6. * U.S. Government vs. Sioux Nation (1980)
Supreme Court decision declaring the Black Hills Cession illegal
* “Bradley Bill” (1987)
(or Sioux Nation Black Hills Act)
Attempt by Congressman to return 1.3 million acres of the Black Hills to the Sioux Nation

7. Important Local Events:
Read pages … answering
(1) Defining assimilation.
(2) Dawes Act …
(3) Further assimilation …
- Traditional
tribal feasts …
- To further
speed
assimilation …
1874 – Custer Black Hills Expedition
– Black Hills Gold Rush
1876 – Battle of the Little Bighorn
1877 – Black Hills Cession
1879 – American Indian Boarding
School Movement (first Lakota children taken)
1883 – Court of Indian Offenses
1887 – Dawes Act
1889 – Sioux Act of 1889
1890 – Massacre at Wounded Knee

8. Assimilation
* Assimilation – to be “absorbed into American society”; more adequately means being forced to adopt the dominant, American culture.
(1860 – 1870’s) American Indian Boarding Schools
(1883) Court of Indian Offenses
(1887) Dawes Act

9. Assimilation
Boarding Schools – Based upon the theory of “Kill the Indian, Save the Man”
Cultural genocide
Forbidden to speak Native languages & practice traditional practices
The “Outing”
program …

10. Read Handout, “Black Hills Cession, American Indian Boarding Schools, and Court of Indian Offenses” and answer questions …

11. Assimilation
(1887) - Dawes Act – communal tribal lands divided into 160 acre allotments per family
Two cows and yoke of oxen
Farm tools
$20 cash
Seed for five acres for two years
40 Acres
40 Acres
160 Acre Allotments
40 Acres
40 Acres

12. Great Sioux Reservation of 1868

13. Sioux Act of 1889 – Creates six much smaller reservations in Western South Dakota with break-up of Great Sioux Reservation, including today’s …
Pine Ridge
Rosebud
Cheyenne River
Standing Rock
Allotment of lands
Excess lands opened for homesteading
Loss of 9 million acres of land

14. Video, “Taken From My Home”
* Complete the questions …

15. “Sin writes histories, goodness is silent.”
~Johann Wolfgang von Goethe