1. Periodization Acronyms for FRQ’s
“DARTH CRATER CONVERTS GERMS TO IRS MEN W/ RAD CAPES.”

2. D.A.R.T.H = BCE
Domestication – plants such as wheat, animals such as goats
Agriculture – leads to patriarchy, higher pop., disease
River Valleys – such as Indus & Nile
Trans-regional trade & Technology – Mesopotamia traded w/ Indus; tech such as plows, money (coins), wheel, pottery
Hittites & Iron – conquer Mesopotamia

3. C.R.A.T.E.R. = 600 BCE CE
Classical civs ex. Qin/Han, Mauryan/Gupta, Greece/Rome, Persia
Religions/philosophies ex. Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism & caste system
Art & technology ex. Parthenon, Coliseum, aqueducts, roads, paper
Trade networks ex. Silk Road, Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan
Exchange of disease ex. smallpox & measles from India to China & Rome
Rome, Han, & Gupta invaded by Huns and other barbarians

4. C.O.N.V.E.R.T.S.= 600 – 1450
Chinese dynasties: Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, and Ming.
Oceangoing trade increases due to new technology such as the compass, dhows, junks, and lateen sails.
New contacts created by the Mongols spread technology, such as gunpowder, & disease, such as plague, from East to West.
Vikings and other barbarians invade Western Europe leading to feudalism
Eastern Europe and Anatolia were ruled by the Byzantine Empire.
Religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across cultures and create new rivalries, ex. Crusades.
Tribute empires included the Mongols, China, Aztecs, and Incas
Societies continue to be aristocratic, patriarchal, & agricultural

5. G.E.R.M.S. =
Gunpowder Empires – used cannon technology to gain territory such as Mughals & Ottomans
Exchange & Exploration – Western Europeans, led by Portugal, explored new routes to Asia leading to the Columbian Exchange.
Renaissance & Reformation – characterized by advancements in art, literature, and science as well as a division of Europe into a Protestant north and a Catholic south.
Ming Dynasty – last ethnically Chinese dynasty, noted for the voyages of Zheng-He and Neo-Confucianism.
Silver-Sugar-Slavery-Spices – the primary products traded during the period between all regions, Western Europeans served as “middlemen”.

6. T.O. I.R.S. M.E.N. =
Technology – such as the steam engine & Maxim Machine Gun
Opium Wars – Britain takes Hong Kong
Industrialization (& Imperialism) – starts in Great Britain
Revolutions – such as the American, French, & Haitian Revs. are inspired by the Enlightenment
Scramble for Africa – Berlin Conference divides up Africa for Western Europe
Meiji Restoration – Japan rapidly modernizes by copying Western political & economic systems
Emancipation – slavery and serfdom are ended
Nationalism – pulls countries together and breaks empires up into nation-states

7. W/ R.A.D. C.A.P.E.S. = 1914 to Present
World Wars 1 & 2 shatter Western Europe’s power and leave US and USSR superpowers
Russian Revolution leads to Soviet Union & other communist countries
Apartheid in South Africa
Decolonization ends European imperialism
Cold War between US & USSR
Alliances such as NATO & Warsaw Pact
Partitions of land such as India & Pakistan, North & South Korea, Palestine & Israel
Empires end, such as Austria-Hungary & Ottomans
Suffrage for women in most countries came after WWI