1. RELIGION and REFORM 1812-1860 Chapter 8
“How did the Second Great Awakening lead to several reform efforts, and what effect did those reform efforts have on American society?”

2. A Religious Awakening Section 1
HOW DID THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING AFFECT LIFE IN THE UNITED STATES?
VOCABULARY:
SECOND GREAT AWAKENING MORMON
REVIVALIST UNITARIAN
CHARLES GRANDISON FINNEY UTOPIAN COMMUNITY
EVANGELICAL TRANSCENDENTALIST
JOSEPH SMITH RALPH WALDO EMERSON
HENRY DAVID THOREAU

3. Middle Class Reform REFORM MOVEMENT GOAL IMPACT PEOPLE INVOLVED
Protestant Revivalism
Individuals can reform themselves
Faith gave purpose and courage to lead reform
Charles Grandison Finney, Lyman Beecher
Transcendentalism
Spiritual discovery and insight would lead to truth more so than reason
Led people to work at reforming society
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau
Temperance Movement
End alcohol consumption
During mid 1800s, alchohol consumption drops sharply
American Temperance Society, Abe Lincoln
Educational Reform
Improve Public Education
By 1850’s most Northern States have free public elementary school
Horace Mann
Prison Reform
Improve prison conditions
Improve conditions, build mental hospitals
Dorothea Dix

4. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas

5. Transparency: Growing Interest in Religion

6. Map: Mormon Migrations 1830-1848

7. Religious Discrimination
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; Brigham Young leads the Mormans to Utah after Joseph Smith is killed
Catholics – some Americans questioned the loyalty of these immigrants; some Catholics worked for low wages, taking jobs from other workers
Jewish People faced discrimination, were barred from holding political office, and were ostracized.

8. Utopian Communities
Small societies dedicated to perfection in social and political conditions
New Harmony, Indiana – Robert Owen
Brook Farm near Boston
Fell victim to laziness, selfishness, and quarreling
Shakers – no marriage or children

9. Map: Communal Societies Before 1860

10. Transcendentalists
Believed that humans could transcend their senses to learn of the world
Believed that individuals should listen to nature to learn the truth about the universe
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote Nature (1836); people could get closer to God through nature’
Henry David Thoreau wrote Walden, describing his experiences living near Walden Pond for two years

11. A Reforming Society Section 2
What were the main features of the public school, penitentiary, and temperance reform movements?
Vocabulary:
public school movement Horace Mann
penitentiary movement Neal Dow
Dorothea Dix
temperance movement

12. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Understand Effects

13. Horace Mann School reformer from Massachusetts
State board of education
Proposed free public
schools, required
attendance, adequate
school funding
Fought to end corporal
punishment

14. Mentally Ill and Prisoners
Dorothea Dix visited prisons, alms houses, and hospitals
Reforms in prisons
Helped to establish mental hospitals
in 15 states and in Canada
Reforms for disabled people

15. Temperance Movement Effort to end alcohol abuse
Many wanted prohibition
Neal Dow helped pass the “Maine Law”
Restricting the sale of alcohol

16. Political Cartoons: The Temperance Movement
TRANSPARENCY
Political Cartoons: The Temperance Movement

17. The Antislavery Movement Section 3
How did reformers try to help enslaved people?
Vocabulary:
freedman
William Lloyd Garrison
Nat Turner
Frederick Douglas
abolition movement
Gag Rule

18. Antislavery Movement Abolitionist Movement The Roots Liberia
Movement to end slavery
The Roots
Christianity
Ending importation of slaves 1808
Slave Revolts
Liberia
American Colonization Society
Radical Abolitionism
William Lloyd Garrison
The Liberator

19. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarize

20. Transparency: African Americans in the South

21. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Contrast

23. William Lloyd Garrison
Published a newspaper named The Liberator
Advocated emancipation of slaves
American Anti-Slavery Society had 150,000 members by 1840

24. Antislavery Movement Frederick Douglass
North Star; Life and Times of Frederick Douglass
Divisions
Women participation
Grimké Sisters
Racial divisions
White people could not understand desperation
Underground RR
Harriet Tubman
Resistance to Abolitionism
Opposition in the North
Opposition in the South
Gag Rule

25. Free African Americans
By 1840 slavery had been outlawed in the North
American Colonization Society (ACS)
Formed to encourage free African Americans to move to Liberia, Africa
1,100 people from the U.S. migrated there

26. The Women’s Movement Section 4
What steps did American women take to advance their rights in the mid-1800s?
Vocabulary:
matrilineal Seneca Falls Convention
Sojourner Truth Amelia Bloomer
women’s movement suffrage
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Married Women’s Property Act

27. Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects

28. Chart: Political and Economic Status of Women in the Early 1800s

29. Tensions Between North and South
Reform Movements produced Conflict between N and S – Why?
Churches divide (N and S) over Antislavery movement – Why?
Traditional roles for women and schools were revered in the South – Why?
Southerners were offended by the Northern perspective of an immoral culture – Why?