1. Religion and Reform
Chapter 8
Page 264

2. A Religious Awakening Section 1
A. Second Great Awakening- Early 1800’s a revival of religious feeling swept the country
Started in Kentucky and spread
Preachers known as revivalists spoke at outdoor meetings and churches around the country
Church membership skyrocketed
Religious reforms swept country

3. B: Evangelical style
Charles Grandison Finney- first evangelical style of worship
Lyman Beecher- Yale Educated- also known for fiery speeches

4. Tensions
Many wanted gov’t to back religion- stop people from working on Sundays
African Americans also embrace second Great Awakening
However, many start their own church- AME-8,000 members
Would lead many to call for an end of slavery
Also led to many slave revolts

5. C. Mormons Many people dislike Mormons Leader Joseph Smith
More than one wife
Voted as a community
Held property as a community
Leader Joseph Smith
Had to go place to place getting away from violence
Joseph Smith murdered in Nauvoo Ohio- Mormons would go west- Utah

6. D. Jews and Catholics Catholics also hated Jews Minority
Poor- Irish- worked for less
Believed they showed loyalty to pope, not U.S>
Jews
Different culture
Started coming in larger numbers

7. E: The Rest Utopias- tried to establish perfect societies
Most fail
Shakers- United Society of Believers in Christ’s second appearing
Set up independent villages
Transcendentalists- don’t need bible to find God- listen to inner self and nature
Ralph Waldo Emersonsd
Henry David Thoreau- Nature, Walden

8. Reforming Society Section 2
A: Education
Colonial times- parents taught- The American Spelling
Inadequate
Public School Movement- Led by Horace Mann- championed education in Mass. First state board of education, end corporal punishment, well trained teachers
Democracy to work, needed educated population

9. B. Prisoners
Dorothea Dix began teaching Sunday schools in prisoner
Wanted to reform the horrible prison system
Mental illness with hardened criminals
Promoted building hospitals for mentally ill
Penitentiary movement
Two types: Pennsylvania system, Auburn Prison system

10. C: Temperance movement
Industrialization caused many issues in society
Crime, sickness, poverty, and neglected families
Temperance movement- end alcohol abuse
Prohibition- outlaw alcohol
ATS-
Neal Dow- gave lectures

11. Section 3 Anti Slavery Movement
During the 1800’s, the issue of slavery would always be on the mines of the people.
Many would try to abolish slavery, while others would defend it

12. A. Slavery By 1800, more than 2 million slaves in U.S.
1/3 under age of ten
Life was terrible
Describe the Life of a slave 1 2 3 4 5

13. B. Survival Some would lose hope Others found ways to cope
Maintain traditions and family ties
Rely on Christian beliefs
Resist slavery
Run away
Break tools
Work slowly
Revolts- Denmark Vesey????

14. C. Nat Turner 1831, led a revolt in Richmond Virginia
Could read and write
Believed God told him to lead his people to freedom
Killed 60 people before local militia stopped them
Him and followers were executed
Southerners would reacted? 1. 2.

15. D: Freed slaves Not all AA’s were slaves
By 1780’s, some owners slowly freeing their slaves and many northern states abolish slavery- manumitting
ACS- American Colonization Society- established Liberia- a colony for free slaves to go to
1830 some 1,100 people returned

16. E: Fight Against slavery
1804- all states north of Maryland abolish slavery
1807- slave trade banned
Abolition movement gaining momentum
William Lloyd Garrison- the Liberator
American anti-slavery Society
Frederick Douglas- former slave- great speaker

17. F. Fight Against Abolition
South relied on slavery
Benefited the economy, north and south
Was better than waged laborers- for slaves and owners
Christianity promoted slavery
Slavery was good for AA’s
Keep white superiority over AA’s

18. F. Northerners racist too
Some northerners also supported slavery
Got Gag rule passed- law prohibiting discussion on slavery
Many abolitionists attacked
Slavery would continue to divide the country and hurt North/South relations.

19. Section 4 The Women’s Movement
Many women would join the abolition movement
Would realize, “Hey, were not much better off than slaver”
We should get us some rights too.

20. A. Limits Early 1800’s Women couldn’t
Vote
Own property
If divorced, men got custody
Hold office
Forbidden to speak in public in many cases
Basically, don’t have an opinion, been seen and not heard

21. B. Women Reformers Most important women’s reformers of 1800;s
Sojourner Truth-women rights and slavery
Catherine Beecher-advanced school
Emma Willard-advanced school
Dorothea Dix-prison reform
Angelina and Sara Grimke- started abolition groups and women’s rights groups

22. C. Progress Industrial revolution allowed women to enter workplace
Still paid less then men and only certain jobs
Women’s movement officially started in early to mid 1800’s
Published pamphlets, held meetings, protested

23. D. More Women
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton- household names in women’s rights
Seneca Falls convention- meeting of men and women- wrote the Declaration of sentiments
Suffrage would be an early goal
E. Progress- Married Women’s property Act- guaranteed property of married women