1. Indirect Speech 1. Tense changes
Tenses are moved into the past after a past tense reporting verb.
The past perfect remains the same.
'I'm leaving. '
Jane said she was leaving.
'No, I hadn't forgotten. '
Greg said that he hadn't forgotten.
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2. 2. Main verb changes only
In complex sentences, only the first verb is changed.
‘I was walking home when I saw the accident.’
James said he had been walking home when he saw the accident.
‘‘The car broke down while I was driving to work,’’
He said the car had broken down while he was driving to work.
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3. 'I'll see you here tomorrow. Jack, ' said Mary.
3. Reference words
Some words referring to persons, places and time change in indirect speech, because the point of reference changes.
'I'll see you here tomorrow. Jack, ' said Mary.
Mary told Jack she would see him there the next day.
‘ I gave you this yesterday. ‘John said.
John said he had given it to her the day before.
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4. A. Present tense reports
Reporting the tenses
A. Present tense reports
If the reporting verb is in the present tense, there is no change.
Brenda says she's arriving at about 6.00.
B. Past tense reports
If the reported words are 'always true', there is no change.'
Harry told me that he still likes you.
If a message is being repeated immediately, there is no change.
Mary said she's too busy to come.
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5. 1. Indirect questions
Yes/No questions are reported using if. The verb is not put into a question form, and there is no question mark.
'Do you like hamburgers?’
Charles asked me if I liked hamburgers.
Wh- questions are reported with the question word. There is no question mark.
'Where are we going?'
I asked Sue where we were going.
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6. These are questions introduced by polite phrases. Note the word order.
2. Embedded questions
These are questions introduced by polite phrases. Note the word order.
'Could you tell me where the station is?'
In indirect speech, the polite question becomes a reporting verb.
I asked him where the station was.
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7. Imperatives (commands and requests in indirect speech)
1. Commands are reported with tell and the infinitive.
'Go away! '
He told me to go away.
2. Requests are reported with ask and the infinitive.
'Please help me. '
He asked her to help him.
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8. Often it is impossible or unnecessary to report every word spoken.
'Excuse me, do you think you could tell me the time?'
He asked me what the time was.
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9. Why things change
Bill (on Saturday evening): ‘ I don’t like this party. I want to go home now.’
Peter (on Sunday morning) : ‘Bill said that he didn’t like the party, and he wanted to go home right away.
Some words may be changed in indirect speech, because the original speaker’s ‘here’ and ‘now’ are not the same as the reporter’s.
The following sentence was said in Istanbul in december 1999:
‘’ I’ve been in this part of the world since August this year.’’
Does the first or second ‘this’ have to be changed if the sentence is reported:
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10. ‘’ I’ve been in this part of the world since August this year.’’
A) in Istanbul a week later?
He said that he had been in this part of the world since August this year.
B) in Istanbul a year later?
He said that he had been to this part of the world since August that year.
C) in Paris a week later
He said that he had been to that part of the world since August this year.
D) in Paris a year later
He said that he had been to that part of the world since August that year.
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11. Tenses are different from those in the original words,
Because the reporter’s time is different from the original speaker’s time.
‘‘You look nice.’’ (Direct speech)
I told her she looked nice. (Indirect speech)
‘’ I can’t swim.’’ (Direct speech)
He pretended he couldn’t swim.(Indirect speech)
‘’I’m learning French.’’ (Direct speech)
She said she was learning French. (Indirect speech)
‘’Has he forgotten?’’ (Direct speech)
I wondered if he had forgotten. (Indirect speech)
John phoned. (Direct speech)
She told me that John had phoned. (Indirect speech)
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12. Tenses do not change after present or future reporting verbs
‘’I don’t want to play any more.’’
He says he doesn’t want to play any more.
‘’ Your idea is great’’
I’ll tell her your idea is great.
‘’Taxes will be raised.’’
The government has announced that taxes will be raised.
Situations that have not changed: If the original speaker was talking about a present or future situation that is still present or future when the words are reported, the tenses may not change after a past reporting verb.
‘’The earth is round.’’ (Direct speech)
He proved that the earth is / was round. (Indirect speech)
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13. ‘’How old are you?’’ ‘’What?’’ (Direct speech)
I asked how old you are / were. (Indirect speech)
‘’Where does she work? ‘’ (Direct speech)
I’ve often wondered where she works / worked.
‘’It will be windy tomorrow. (Direct speech)
They said it will / would be windy tomorrow.
We don’t keep the original speaker’s tenses if we do not agree what he/she , or if we want to show that the idea do not come from us.
Did you hear that? She said she was fourteen!
He announced that profits were higher than forecast.
I didn’t know she was ill.
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14. I told Alanson to be careful. I advise you to think again.
We use infinitives to report sentences about future actions-for example promises, agreement, orders, offers, advice, requests, suggestions .
He promised to write.
I told Alanson to be careful.
I advise you to think again.
She agreed to wait for me.
Ann has offered to baby-sit tonight.
She asked us not to be late.
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15. He asked her how to make a white sauce. Don’t tell me what to do.
The structure question word+infinitive is common.
He asked her how to make a white sauce.
Don’t tell me what to do.
Special Introductory Verbs
‘’I won’t tell anybody.’’
He promised not to tell anybody.
‘’ I’ll cook supper.’’
She offered me to cook supper.
‘’ Leave early.’’
He advised me to leave eraly.
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16. ‘’Please close the door.’’ She asked me to close the door.
‘’ I’ll stop smoking.’’
She promised to stop smoking.
‘’ Why don’t I do the shopping?’’
He offered to do the shopping.
‘’You ought to tell the police.’’
She adviced me to tell the police.
‘’OK, I’ll pay half.
He agreed to pay half.
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17. ‘’We’ll pay for the tickets.’’ We offered to pay for the tickets.
‘’Watch out,’’ he said to me.
He told me to watch out. (command)
‘’ Please, don’t move,’’ he said to me.
He asked me not to move. (request)
‘’Say you are ill.’’
I told him what to say.
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18. Introductory verb + to-inf ‘’ Yes, I’ll come with you.’’
He agreed to come with me.
‘’Tell me everything!’’
He demanded to be told everything.
‘’Would you like me to carry it?’’
He offered to carry it.
‘’ I’ll study more.’’
He promised to study more.
‘’ No, I won’t come with you.’’
He refused to come with me.
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19. ‘’Behave yourself or I’ll punish you.’’
He threatened to punish me if I didn’t behave myself.
‘’ I heard her say that.’’
He claimed to have heard her say that.
‘’ Yes, I’ll be happy to help you.’’
He agreed to help me.
‘’Tell me the truth!’’
He demanded to be told the truth.
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20. . Helen asked me if I liked visiting old buildings.
Exercises
Choose the best answer
. Helen asked me if I liked visiting old buildings.
‘………………. visiting old buildings ?' asked Helen.
.Do you like
.Did you like
.Will you like
. Have you liked
Do you like
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21. 2) Bill asked Mary if she had done anything the previous weekend.
'……………………anything last weekend?'
A) Have you done
B) Did you do
C) Will you do
D) Were you doing
Did you do
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22. 3. The policeman asked me if the car belonged to me.
‘………………….to you?' asked the policeman.
A) Does this car belong
B) Did this car belong
C) Have this car belonged
D) Will this car belong
Does this car belong
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23. 4) Fiona asked me if I had seen her umbrella anywhere.
‘ ……………my umbrella anywhere?' asked Fiona.
A) Did you see
B) Have you seen
C) Will you see
D) Would you see
Have you seen
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24. 5. Joe asked Tina when she would get back.
' ……………... back?' asked Joe.
A) When will you get
B) When have you got
C)When did you get
D) When you will get
When will you get
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25. 6. Eddie asked Steve who he had been to the cinema with.
'………………… to the cinema with ?' asked Eddie.
A) Who did you go
B) Who had you been
C) Who you went
D) Who you had been
Who did you go
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26. My parents asked me what time I had got home the night before.
'……. home last night?' my parents asked.
A) What time did you get
B) What time have you got
C) What time you got
D) What time you have got
What time did you get
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27. David asked a passer-by if it was the right road for Hastings.
'…………. the right road for Hastings?' asked David.
A) Is this
B) Was this
C) Will this be
D) Can this be
Is this
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28. 'No, it's not true, I didn't steal the money!'
Jean …...….... stealing the money/that she had stolen the money.
A) denied
B) insisted
C) confessed
D) apologised
denied
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29. 'Why don’t we go to the cinema this evening?'
Peter……………….. going to the cinema/that they went to the cinema.
A) advised
B) agreed
C) suggested
D) promised
suggested
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30. 'Yes, of course, I'll give you a lift, Helen.'
Liz to give Helen a lift/that she would give Helen a lift.
A) insisted
B) ordered
C) agreed
D) offered
offered
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31. The teacher complained ..............waiting for us for three hours.
That she has been
That she had been
She has been
To be
That she is
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32. “My friend asked if ............an earthquake in Adapazari last year.”
there had been
had there been
there was
was there
that there had been
There had been
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