6. Crusades
Between the 11th-13th Century, European Christians carried out a series of military expeditions against the Islamic Seljuk Turks who had control over most of the Middle East

12. Initiated by Pope Innocent II

13. Kings leived taxes & raised armies
Kings leived taxes & raised armies. nobles joined to fight and sold land and freed their serfs.
Kings created stronger governments since Nobles left
Taxng trade gave kings more wealth
New Nations were created: Spain, England, France, Portugal
Many Jews died