1. Life Science
Chapter 2

2. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells
Plants are autotrophs – they make their own food.
They use the process of photosynthesis to convert energy from the sun in the form of EMR into glucose.
Glucose stores the chemical energy until needed by the plant.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts found in plant cells.
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells

3. Chloroplast 2 main parts surrounded by membranes
Grana – stacks of Thylakoids “coins”
Stroma – aqueous space between grana

4. Photosynthesis

5. Photosynthesis: Converts sunlight energy into food for the plant.
Takes place in the chloroplast
Has a light (grana) & dark reaction (stroma)
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

6. Photosynthesis: overall reaction
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reactants: carbon dioxide & water
In the presence of sunlight & chlorophyll
Yield
Products: Glucose and oxygen

7. Light Reaction – Takes place in the Grana
Requires sunlight
Photons from sun & water, H20, from the plant come into the grana.
Chlorophyll kicks off an electron from the splitting of H2O into hydrogen & Oxygen.
ADP (low energy) is converted into ATP (high energy)
NADP+ (low energy) is converted into NADPH (high energy)
In summary:
Photons, water, ADP & NADP+ in…
Oxygen, ATP & NADPH out

8. Dark Reaction – Takes place in the Stroma
Takes place day or night, no sun required
ATP (high energy) & NADPH (high energy) along with carbon dioxide in the stroma.
Goes through the Calvin Cycle and converts them into glucose.
ADP (low energy) & NADP+ (low energy)
ATP & NADPH are short term high energy molecules
ADP & NADP+ are short term low energy molecules
Glucose is a long term high energy molecule
In summary: Carbon dioxide, ATP & NADPH in…
Glucose, ADP & NADP+ out

9. Photosynthesis - Summary

10. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O Cellular Respiration
Plants store energy as glucose made during the process of photosynthesis. (6CO2+6H2OC6H12O6+6O2)
Both plants & animal cells utilize glucose & release the stored energy.
Energy released by cells done mainly in the Mitochondria

11. Aerobic Cellular Respiration
2 Part Process:
In the cytoplasm, Glucose molecule is broken into 2 pyruvate molecules
In the mitochondria, Krebs Cycle converts them into 36 ATP molecules
Remember:
C6H12O6 –Glucose, long term high energy
ATP –adenosine triphosphate. Short term high energy
ADP –adenosine diphosphate. Short term low energy

12. Anaerobic Respiration
2 types: Alcohol & Lactic Acid Fermentations
Alcohol - yeast, a fungus, converts sugars into alcohol & releases energy
Lactic Acid - muscles without enough Oxygen convert sugars into lactic acid to release the needed energy for contractions.