1. The Seven Years War*
* Lasted NINE years

2. The Seven Years War
First global conflict – fought on 5 continents and 3 oceans
Some historians argue that THIS war is the real “World War One”
In America, we often refer to it as the French & Indian War

3. Causes of War
France and England were competing for colonies in America, Africa, and India
Austria and Prussia were competing for influence in the German microstates of Central Europe
Russia wanted to limit Prussian aggression in Eastern Europe

4. Tangled Alliances In Europe In North America In India
England allied with Prussia
France allied with Austria and Russia
In North America
France allied with Native American tribes
English enlisted help from their American colonists
In India
English allied themselves with one set of minor princes
French allied themselves with a different set of minor princes

5. The World at War
Blue = England & Allies
Green = France & Allies

7. War in North America
Early English attacks on French forts in the Ohio River Valley failed, but thanks to English naval superiority, the English were eventually able to capture Canada
The fighting in North America, also known as the French & Indian War, is where a young George Washington gained his first military experience

8. War in the Caribbean
English captured the French sugar islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe, as well as the Spanish city of Havana, Cuba
English, French, and Spanish fleets did battle multiple times in the Caribbean, but the English nearly always won

9. War in Africa
English raiders captured numerous French trading posts along the West African coast

10. War in India
English and their local allies captured French forts and trading posts, eventually pushing the French out of India altogether

11. War in South America & Pacific
Spanish (allied with the French) and Portuguese (allied with the English) raided back and forth between Spanish South American colonies and Portuguese Brazil
English captured the Spanish colonial capital of Manila in the Philippines (an archipelago in the Western Pacific Ocean)

12. War in Europe
Prussia fought off attacks from the French, Austrians and Russians with practically no military help from the English (except at sea)
Just as Prussia was starting to falter, Russia’s tsarina died and the new tsar (Peter III) pulled Russia out of the war
Peter was assassinated just 6 months later, leaving his wife Catherine, a PRUSSIAN PRINCESS as tsarina of Russia

13. Peace Settlements Treaty of Paris Treaty of Hubertusburg
France gave Canada to England and agreed to English control of India and several former French colonies in Africa; France also gave Spain Louisiana
England returned Caribbean sugar islands to France
Spain gave Florida to England
Treaty of Hubertusburg
Returned all boundaries in Europe to where they were before the war
Native American tribes were excluded from all peace talks

15. Costs of War Over 1 million dead
France and England both nearly bankrupt from overspending on the war, a situation which led directly to both the American and French Revolutions
Native American tribes, unhappy with their situation, stepped up attacks against English settlers
England now faced with having to pay for soldiers to defend their new colonies, especially in America