1. Diagnostic Reasoning
A Standard Model

2. Diagnostic Reasoning What is Diagnostic Reasoning? Troubleshooting
Reactive Maintenance

3. Cognitive Requirements
Situational awareness and critical thinking are the keys to safe and efficient equipment maintenance.
Activity risk assessment should be the first and continuing process during all analytical/diagnostic and repair sequences.

4. Why we need to teach it
The Event
January 16, 2002

5. Fatalities European OSHA estimates
10 to 15 Percent of all fatal accidents involve maintenance
United States
300 to 400 people every year (Best guess)

6. Reactive Maintenance
Costly
Dangerous
Disruptive

7. First Principle Reasoning
What are the basics of a problem that we can agree on?
Elon Musk

8. What are the basics we can agree on?
Awareness of a Problem
An anomaly
Something is not right
Knowledge
What is normal

9. Investigating - Observations
Self
Our 5 Senses
Observations from the past
Others
What they sense
Past experiance

10. Symptoms
Recognition of key facts
Logic
Intuition

11. Cause
Logic
Intuition

12. Risk Investigation is the acquisition of the easy information
Many problems require Testing

13. Testing
A serious step
Time
Investment
Risk
Qualitative

14. Testing
Experience
Definitive

15. Dual Process Cognitive Theory
Two parallel mental processes
System 2
Our stream of consciousness
Slow and effortful
System 1
Intuitive
Fast and easy
Pattern matching
95% of decisions

16. Cognitive Science Resources
Dr Daniel Kahneman
“Thinking Fast and Slow”
Dr Gary Klein
Sources of Power”
Dr Pat Crosskerry
How Doctors Think (Video)
D Gerome Groopman
“How Doctors Think”

17. Dual Process Theory Two modes of thinking Dr Spock System 1 System 2
What many consider as Intuition
Experience
System 2
Conscious stream of thought
Dr Spock

18. Dr Pat Crosskerry “How Doctors Think”

19. Instructional practice
Each student activity can be considered a problem
Each instructor interaction can use the model
All the instructors can use this model
Each problem can strengthen the model
Each students needs can be addressed
As each problem is solved students reflect on the model
Students can be asked to write out formal essays describing a problem solving example

20. 2 4 8 14 12 19 1 15 9 5 16 6 10 17 13 20 3 18 11 7

21. Problem solving across context
Far transfer
Multiple repetitions
Multiple examples