1. Cannon AP Human Geography Languages
November 6
Cannon
AP Human Geography
Languages

2. What are the different kinds of diffusion? Define them!
Bellwork 4:
What are the different kinds of diffusion?
Define them!

3. Agenda:
Notes: Language Diffusion
HW: Study

4. You will be able to describe the ways languages can diffuse.
Objective:
You will be able to describe the ways languages can diffuse.

5. Fun Fact:
There are about 750 types of trees in North America and about 100,000 in the world. Many of those are endangered. Those numbers count both conifer (cone bearing) trees and deciduous trees.

6. I. Diffusion of Language

7. A. Origin of Indo-European
Theorized that they stem from common ancestral language

8. 2. Nomadic Warrior Hypothesis
Kurgan Hypothesis
Kurgan People (4000 BCE) in Kazakstan
Nomadic herders
2500 BCE: they travel/conquer Europe and Asia
Language spread via MILITARY

10. 3. Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis
Anatolian Hypothesis
Farmers in Turkey 6,000 BCE
Language spread with agricultural innovations west into Europe and east into Asia

12. Video: Origins of Indo-European

13. B. Other Examples of Language Diffusion
Slavic Expansion across Siberia destroys Paleo-Asiatic language
Agriculture allowed for population growth
600’s Slavic tribes (+others) attack Byzantine Empire

15. 2. Sino-Tibetan spreads North and East
4000 BC
Originally near rivers and Himalayan Plateau
Diffuse along rivers
Rivers used for trade
Language used to make the trade.

17. 3. Islam spreads Arabic
From Arabian Peninsula
Holy language of Islam and official language of Islamic empires
632 onward

18. Spread of Islam

20. 4. Bantu migration spreads Swahili
500CE – migrate East for food
Mutapa Empire (13th century) & Zulu Empire (18th century) use Bantu languages as lingua franca
Lingua Franca: a language used by those with different native languages; trade language

21. Bantu Migration

23. 5. Latin spread by Roman empire and Christianity
Latin was the official language of Rome
Catholic church taught in Latin & used it after Rome fell

24. Roman Empire

25. 6. English, French, Dutch, Spanish spread by colonialism
Always one of the official languages
Official Language: language used by the government

26. Refusing to adopt an official language as an act of rebellion
C. Blocks to Diffusion
Refusing to adopt an official language as an act of rebellion
Breton, Catalan, Basque
Geographic blocks (AKA intervening obstacles)
Mountains, oceans, deserts

27. Describe the ways languages can diffuse.
Ticket Out the Door
Describe the ways languages can diffuse.
Identify two things that can halt the diffusion of a language.
Explain the evolution of Indo-European languages.