1. The Endocrine System
Chapter 13

2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Endocrine System

3. Structures of the Endocrine System

4. Adrenal Glands Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Regulate electrolyte levels
Influence metabolism
Respond to stress
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
adren/o
(continues)

5. Adrenal Glands

6. Gonads* Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
gonad/o
*Males: testicles (2)
*Females: ovaries (2)

7. Male Testicles (Testes)
Primary Function
Sperm-producing gland
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
testic/o

8. Female Ovaries Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Ova (egg) producing gland
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
ovari/o

9. Pancreatic Islets Primary Function
Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
pancreat/o

10. Parathyroid Glands Primary Function
Regulate calcium levels throughout the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
parathyroid/o

11. Parathyroid Glands

12. Pineal Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
pineal/o

13. Pineal Gland

14. Pituitary Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
pituit/o, pituitar/o
(continues)

15. Pituitary Gland

16. Thymus Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Plays a major role in the immune reaction
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
thym/o

17. Thyroid Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous system
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
thyr/o, thyroid/o

18. Key Word Parts and Definitions
acr/o
extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point
adren/o
adrenal glands
crin/o
secrete
-dipsia
thirst
(continues)

19. Key Word Parts and Definitions
glyc/o
glucose, sugar
gonad/o
gonad, sex glands
-ism
condition, state of
pancreat/o
pancreas
(continues)

20. Key Word Parts and Definitions
parathyroid/o
parathyroid glands
pineal/o
pineal gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
poly-
many
(continues)

21. Key Word Parts and Definitions
somat/o
body
thym/o
thymus gland
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland

22. Questions

23. Question In which organ is insulin produced? the pancreas the kidney
the liver

24. Answer
a. the pancreas

25. Question
The thyroid cartilage when enlarged is commonly known as an “Adam’s Apple.”
True or False?

26. Answer
True. The thyroid gland is located just below the thyroid cartilage.

27. Question
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.
True or False?

28. Answer
False. Hypoglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

29. Question
Which of these is the form in which the liver stores excess blood sugar?
glucose
glycogen
glucagon

30. Answer
b. glycogen