2. Major structures Adrenal glands-----adren/o Gonads ----gonad/o Pancreatic islets---- pancreat/o Paratheroid glands ----paratheroid/o Pineal gland ----- pinal/o Pituitary gland ---- pituit/o, pituitary/o. Thymus ---- thym/o Thyroid---- thyr/o, thyroid/o

3. The functions of the endocrine system 1.Regulate the Electrolytes level, influence metabolism, and respond to stress.(Adrenal gland) 2.Regulate the development and the maintenance of secondary sex characteristics.( Gonad gland) 3.Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism. (Pancreatic gland) 4.Regulate calcium level through the body. (Parathyroid gland) 5.Influence the sleep- wakefulness cycle. (Pineal gland)

4. 6. Control the activity of the other endocrine glands. (pituitary gland) 7. Plays a major role in the immune reaction ( Thymus gland) 8. Stimulate metabolism, growth and activity of the nervous system. (Thyroid gland)

5. The structures of the endocrine system 1.One pituitary gland (two lobs). 1.One thyroid gland 2.Four parathyroid glands 3.Two adrenal gland 4.One pancreas 5.One pineal gland 6.Two gonads (ovaries in females, testes in males)

6. Medical specialties related to the endocrine system An endocrinologist: Specializes in diagnosis and treating disease and malfunctions of the endocrine system glands Diagnosis procedures related to the endocrine system Urine and blood testing: are used to measure endocrine hormone level.

7. TermMeaning HyperpituitarismExcessive secretion by the anterior lob of pituitary gland HypopituitarismReduce secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland HyperthyroidExcessive thyroid hormone in the blood goiterAbnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland hypothyroidismDeficiency of thyroid secretion Parathyroid glandInsufficient or absence secretion of parathyroid gland hypocalcaemiaAbnormall low level of calcium in the blood hyperparathyroidismOver production of the parathyroid gland HypercalcemiaAbnormal high concentration of calcium in the blood Medical terminology related to endocrine system

8. parathyroidectomySurgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands adrenalitisInflammation of the adrenal gland Diabetic ketoacidosis (D.K.A)Sever insulin deficiency thymitisInflammation of the thymus gland ThymectomySurgical removal of the thymus gland pinealopathyDisorder of the pineal gland pinealectomySurgical removal of the pineal body HypergonadismExcessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands HypogonadismDeficient secretion of hormonal by the sex glands