2. R - Religion
E – Economic
P – Political
S - Social

3. Ch.32 World Since 1945 Overview
R – ethnic and religious groups have demanded greater independence to protect their cultural and political identity. E – many newly independent nations saw socialism rather than capitalism, as a way to modernize quickly. P – After WWII, nationalist leaders such as Gandhi in India insisted on independence. S – With no money and few jobs, some newcomers settled in Shantytowns.

4. Ch. 33 Europe and North America
R – Yugoslavia’s ethnic religious groups included Serbs, who were Orthodox Christian; Croats who were Roman Catholic; & Bosnians who were Muslim E – With the EU controlling about 20% of the world trade, Europe was able to compete with economic superpowers. P – Berlin wall was built to separate non/communists, East & West Germany. Falls in 1989, ended Communism in East Germany. S – Civil Rights during the 1950’s and 60’s, movement lead by Martin Luther King Jr.

5. Ch. 34 East and Southeast Asia
R – Indian, Hindu, Buddhist, and Confucian traditions, later Islam brought Western and Christian influences. E – Between 1950 and 1970, Japan produced an economic Miracle its GDP soared. P – People of Manila forced Marcos (Dictator) to leave, in what was called the People Power Revolution S – In the 1980’s, The Chinese Government instituted the One-Child Policy.

6. Ch. 35 South Asia and Middle East
R – Majority of India was Hindu while bordering areas of Pakistan was Muslim. E – OPEC production decreased; crude oil prices increased. P – Turkey was divided politically by secular politicians and Islamist- based parties. S – Many Muslim and non-muslim women spoke out on the need for women to realize their full potential and contribute to national life.

7. Ch. 36 Africa
R – Islamic revival in Algeria left 1,000 dead due to fighting E – Crisis growing cash crops led to no food for people. P – Protested apartheid (Racial segregation in South Africa) from S – Governments set up more schools, literacy increased, promoted education for girls.

8. Ch. 37 Latin America
R – Catholic Church has remained a powerful force throughout Latin America, creating liberation theology movement. E – Latin America economics were influenced by global trends and dependence on industrial nations. P – Fidel Castro tried his best to maintain and preserve communism in Cuba. S – Two social classes emerging as important forces such as the middle class & urban working classes expanded.