1. Maps Review

2. Five Themes Location Place Human-Environment Interaction Movement
Absolute
Latitude and Longitude
Relative
Place
Human
Physical
Human-Environment Interaction
Use of Environment
Adaptation
Movement
Travel of people, ideas, and goods
Region
Grouping of places
Five Themes

3. Types of Regions Formal Functional Vernacular Defined by governments
Set border
Functional
Central place and the area surrounding it
Metropolitan
Vernacular
Regions that share characteristics
Not formally defined
Types of Regions

4. Tools of the Geographer
Primary Sources
Fieldwork
Satellite images
Photographs
Secondary Sources
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Maps and Globes
Database
Collection of digital information
Tools of the Geographer

5. Relative Location Spatial relationships among places
Where something is in relation to something else
Relative Location

6. Mental Maps A map in your mind
How you remember where a place is
Where a place is in relation to somewhere else
Indicates how well a person knows an area
Refined through experience and learning
Mental Maps

7. Improving a Mental Map Compare to maps
Describe location in terms of reference points
Describe location in terms of geographic features and landforms
Describing location in terms of human characteristics
Improving a Mental Map

8. Tools on a map Title Compass Rose Labels Symbols Legend/Key Scale
Colors
Contour Lines
Tools on a map

9. Absolute and Relative Location
Latitude and Longitude
Relative
NOT an exact location
Use direction, distance, other places to give general idea
Absolute and Relative Location

10. Measure north or south of the Equator
Runs east to west
Latitude

11. Longitude Measure east or west of the Prime Meridian
Runs north to south, connect at the poles
Longitude

12. Types of Maps Physical Political Thematic
Shows physical features such as mountains, rivers, deserts, etc.
Political
Shows boundaries between countries, cities, human-made features
Thematic
Uses symbols, colors, labels to show specific information
Population, economic activity, resources, language, ethnicity, climate, precipitation, vegetation, elevation (contour maps)
Types of Maps

13. Distortion
Shape
Distance
Size
Mapping Challenges

14. Map Projections Mercator Robinson Polar Straight lines
Distorts area near poles
Used mostly in ship navigation
Robinson
Lines of longitude curve
Used to compare data in atlases
Polar
Viewed from one of the poles
Airline navigation
Map Projections

15. Mapping Changes Knowledge Place names change Boundaries change
Exploration, technology, GIS mapping software
Place names change
Formosa – Taiwan
Palestine – Israel
Boundaries change
Decolonization, war, countries break apart, UN
People have different names for different places
Arabian Gulf vs. Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan vs. East Sea
Ownership of areas can be disputed
North and South Korea, Yugoslavia, Kashmir
Mapping Changes