1. French and Indian War

2. Essential Questions
Who were the opponents in this war and why were they fighting?
How did Washington and Braddock’s fighting styles differ? Who had the best strategy?
Who won this war? Do you think this is who should have won?
Do you think the British government was right to make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War?

3. England and Colonists
vs.
French and Indians

4. King George III
King of Great Britain from 1760 to Under his guidance, Britain won the French and Indian War but lost the Revolutionary War. He was mentally unstable because of a disease called porphyria, and he was given to bouts of madness and unpredictability. He also didn't like his government officials very much. 

5. The war was the product of a clash between the French and English over colonial territory and wealth. In North America, the war can also be seen as a product of the local rivalry between British and French colonists.

6. Tensions between the British and French in America had been getting worse for some time, as each side wanted to gain more land. In the 1740s, both England and France traded for furs with the Native Americans in the Ohio Country. By the 1750s, English colonists, especially the investors in the Ohio Company, also hoped to convert the wilderness into good farmland.
Each side tried to keep the other out of the Ohio Country. In the early 1750s, French soldiers captured several English trading posts and built Fort Duquense (now called Pittsburgh) to defend their territory from English incursions.

7. What is now considered the “French and Indian War” (though at the time the war was undeclared), began in 1753, when a young Virginian, Major George Washington, and a number of men headed out into the Ohio region to deliver a message to a French Captain demanding that French troops leave the territory. The demand was rejected by the French.

8. In 1754, George Washington and a small force of Virginia militiamen marched to the Ohio Country to drive the French out. Washington hoped to capture Fort Duquesne but soon realized the fort was too strong, so he retreated and when chased by the French, quickly built Fort Necessity. If he could not drive the French from the area, they would at least have to reckon with the English fortifications.
He also hoped to convince native people that England was the stronger force, so that they would ally with the British rather than the French.

9. A combined force of French soldiers and their native allies overwhelmed Fort Necessity on July 3, 1754, marking the start of the “French and Indian War” in North America. The French permitted Washington and his men to return to Virginia safely, but made them promise they would not build another fort west of the Appalachian Mountains for at least a year. England did not officially declare war until 1756, although the conflict had actually begun two years earlier at Fort Necessity.

10. Cause of War England and France were at war.
Some French people began moving to the American colonies from Canada.
England did not want to lose the colonies to the French, so the English asked the colonists to help them fight against the French.
The French asked some American Indians to help them fight against England and the colonists.
Canada
Colonies

11. Washington
Washington learned that the British were not unbeatable in battle as many people thought.
Washington believed that the key to winning the war was to fight like the Indians.
* This led him to success during the Revolutionary War!

12. Braddock
Braddock and his army moved very slowly, building roads and bridges as they headed through the wilderness.
Braddock believed that fighting like the Indians was cowardly.
-Mission: To rid the Ohio Valley of the French Invaders.
-Strength: 1400 British Regulars; smaller number of Colonial Militia
-Braddock’s Dilemma: Tried to fight a European style war in the wilderness of Pennsylvania.

14. Braddock’s force is routed and retreats in disarray
Braddock’s force is routed and retreats in disarray. During the battle on July 9th Braddock is mortally wounded. Braddock dies and is buried in the middle of the road he built and the remainder of his army marches over him to hide the grave from the French and their allies.

15. Treaty of Paris 1763
The British gained control over the area west of the 13 British Colonies all the way to the Mississippi River.
The French agreed to give up any colonies in North America, including all of Canada.
Since Spain had helped the French, the Spanish were also forced to give up Florida. But the Spanish still held their territory west of the Mississippi River and in Central and South America.

16. Effects of War
England and the Colonists beat the French and the Indians.
The Treaty of Paris was formed between the opponents.
This war was very costly to England. The British decided to tax the Colonists to pay for the war!

17. Cause of the American Revolution
Pitt decides to fund the war through the British Treasury and through loans. This relieves the American colonists from fronting the bill for the war. However, after the war is over, Britain must settle its debts and pay for a standing army in America. In order to do this they decide to have the colonists bear some of the burden for their own defense.

18. The Proclamation of 1763
Proclaimed that land west of the Appalachian Mountains temporarily off limits to settlements.
British Halt Westward Expansion to minimize costs in maintaining a military force to secure the Frontier.
Colonists upset. Especially those who had bought shares in companies or bought land in the newly captured territories.
However, this does create a fragile peace between the British and the Native Americans.