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the rashidun (rightly-guided caliphs):

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Presentation on theme: "the rashidun (rightly-guided caliphs):"— Presentation transcript:

1 the rashidun (rightly-guided caliphs):
Abu Bakr ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab ‘Uthman ibn ‘Affan ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib followed by: the Umayyad dynasty (r ) set up by Mu‘awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (r )

2 khalifat rasul allah = “successor to the
Messenger of God” khalifat allah = “deputy of God” amir al-mu’minin = “commander of the believers” ahl al-kitab = “people of the book” ahl al-dhimma = people of the pact = dhimmis

3 ‘Umar II (‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Aziz,
mawla (pl. mawali) = non-Arab convert to Islam muhtasib = market/public health inspector ≈ Byzantine agoranomos and astynomos ‘Abd al-Malik (r )

4 Umayyad Problems Financial problems Resentment from: 1. marginalised non-Arab Muslims 2. non-Syrian or non- favoured armies 3. civil war opponents 4. opponents of dynastic rule and un-Islamic caliphs

5 Timeline 740 Berber revolt in North Africa and Iberia Umayyads face various revolts. Reign of Marwan II al-Himar (“the ass”) ‘Abbasid revolt. ‘Abbasids defeat Umayyads in two battles, pursue Marwan II to Egypt and kill him.


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