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The Rise of Islam.

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Presentation on theme: "The Rise of Islam."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Rise of Islam

2 The Rise of Islam How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced? How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?

3 Islam The Arabian Peninsula Desert Home of the Arabs
No centralized authority Pastoral nomads Loyal to tribes

4 Islam Religion in Arabia before Islam Polytheistic Jinn Monotheism
Al-Uzza, Al-Lat, Manat

5 Islam

6 Islam Mecca Commercial center Ka’ba: then a pagan shrine
Controlled by Quraysh Ka’ba

7 Islam Muhammad (570-632) Involved in Meccan caravan trade Pious
Night of Power (ca. 610)  Prophet of Islam Muhammad visited by Gabriel

8 Islam Muslim Era Begins Gained some converts
Overall response: negative  danger! Prophet invited to Medina The Hijra (622): Muhammad, ummah emigrated

9 Islam In Medina Muhammad became statesman City converted
Unbelieving Jews expelled Raids on Meccan caravans launched Muhammad addressing believers in Medina

10 Islam The Return to Mecca (630) Muslims marched on Mecca
City surrendered Muhammad cleansed Ka’ba March on Mecca

11 Islam Questions?

12 Islam The Quran Muhammad’s revelations Significant teachings
Absolute monotheism Jesus: “apostle” “People of the Book” Judgment  Paradise, Hell War on unbelievers Jihad

13 Islam The Five Pillars Shahadah Salat (prayer) Ramadan
“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet” Salat (prayer) Ramadan Zakat (alms levy) Hajj (pilgrimage)

14 Islam Talbiyah “Labbayk, Allahumma Labbayk. Labbayk. La shareeka laka. Labbayk. Innal-hamda wan-n'imata laka wal-mulk. La shareeka lak.” "Here I am at Thy service O Lord, here I am. Here I am at Thy service and Thou hast no partners. Thine alone is All Praise and All Bounty, and Thine alone is The Sovereignty. Thou hast no partners."

15 Islam Hajj ritual of stoning Satan, at Mina

16 Islam Questions?

17 Islam Islamic Conquests ( )

18 Islam The Caliphate Muhammad died 632 Caliphs Prophet’s successors
First were early converts, from his inner circle (Rashidun) Office: political, religious

19 Islam

20 Islam Division within the Ummah The fate of Ali (r. 656-661)
Muhammad’s cousin, husband of Fatima Dedicated Muslim Muhammad intended him to be successor? Civil war between Ali and Mu’awiyah  Ali’s assassination Aftermath: Sunni vs. Shi’ah

21 Islam

22 Islam Ruling the Caliphate: Shari’ah Sacred law of ummah
Purpose: regulate all activities Sources: Quran, Sunnah, community consensus Qadis: shari’ah judges Individuals before a qadi

23 Islam Ruling the Empire: Status of Non-Muslims
Dhimmis: followers of religions tolerated by law; not forced to convert Monotheist leaders relied on to manage their communities’ affairs Faced discrimination (jizyah, etc.)

24 Islam Questions?

25 Islam The Great Civilization Sophisticated, advanced
Access to classical learning Books, libraries Contributed to science and math

26 Islam Quran page with beginning of surah 18 (9th, early 10th cent.)

27 Islam Dome of the Rock (687-692)
Tribute to Islam’s triumph in Jerusalem Erected on sacred site Domed octagon

28 Islam Dome of the Rock, interior

29 Islam The Minaret Towers for muzzein Malwiya minaret (848-852)
At Great Mosque of Samarra, Iraq Spiral ramp

30 Islam Questions?

31 The Rise of Islam How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced? How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?

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