1. Reconstruction 3 Plans Abraham Lincoln’s, Andrew Johnson’s, & the Radical Republicans or Congressional Plan  Reconstruction: 1865-1877 – a period when the federal government tried to repair the damage to the South & restore Southern states to the Union

2. Lincoln’s Plan Referred to as the 10% plan It offered a pardon or amnesty (official forgiveness of a crime) to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance to the Union and accept the abolishment of slavery. Former Confederate states would be “readmitted” to the Union if 10% of their citizens took that oath of loyalty to the Union & ratified the 13 th Amendment which abolished slavery. Congress saw Lincoln’s plan as a threat to Congressional authority – Legislative v. Executive Radical Republicans opposed this plan; saw Lincoln’s plan as too lenient; they wanted to punish the South – responded with the Wade-Davis Bill -50% (pocket veto) Plan was not put into effect because Lincoln was assassinated.

3. Andrew Johnson’s Plan also called “Presidential Reconstruction” Southern states were required to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery (ratify the 13 th Amendment), & repudiate the Confederate war debt (which means the Federal government would not pay this for the states) to be readmitted to the Union. Johnson also pardoned all rebels except ex- Confederate officeholders & the richest planters unless they personally asked to be pardoned. South’s response: Black Codes

4. Black Codes - varied from state to state - aimed to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery - included labor contracts - children had to accept apprenticeships in some states & could be beaten or whipped - included specific work hours - African Americans were required to get licenses to work in nonagricultural jobs

5. Radical Republican or Congressional Reconstruction This plan put the South under military rule (Military Reconstruction Act) Increased the requirements for gaining readmission to the Union – had to ratify the 14 th Amendment & place guarantees in its Constitution for granting the right to vote to all adult males regardless of race (15 th Amendment)

6. Reasons why Reconstruction came to an end: The rise of the KKK KKK – aimed at African Americans & Southern Republicans KKK’s goal – keep African Americans in the role of submissive laborers & prevent them from voting – Federal response – Enforcement Act of 1870 People were tired of Reconstruction. Reconstruction symbolized corruption, greed, & poor government. Reconstruction meant taxes! The rise of the Solid South, meaning that Southern states votes Democratic in federal elections.

7. How did Reconstruction come to an end? The event marking the end of Reconstruction was a deal made between the Democratic & Republican Parties (a political compromise). Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes (R) v. Samuel Tilden (D) Compromise of 1877 – In the election of 1876, Hayes would become the next president if he removed the federal troops from the South, thus ending reconstruction.

8. Questions to Answer 1.What was Reconstruction? 2.What is another name for Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction? 3.Why was Congress upset with Lincoln’s plan? How did they respond? 4.How did the southern states respond to Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction? 5.What is another name for the Radical Republican Plan for Reconstruction?

9. 6. Which amendments were included in the Congressional Plan for Reconstruction? 7.Which 2 groups did the KKK attempt to harass? 8.What was the goal of the KKK? 9.How did the Federal government respond to the KKK? 10.What does the “Solid South” refer to? 11.What ended Reconstruction? 12.Explain the Compromise of 1877. 13.What questions do you have about this PowerPoint or about Reconstruction?