1. Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds.
Biochemistry is the study of carbon compounds that crawl. 

2. Organic Compounds - have carbon bonded to other atoms and determine structure/function of living things
Inorganic Compounds - do not contain carbon and hydrogen together (salt)

3. Organic compound features…
1. made from a carbon skeleton which can vary in length
2. can be branched or unbranched
3. can have double bonds which vary in location
4. or may be arranged in rings.

4. Some organic molecules

5. Attached to the carbon skeleton is a FUNCTIONAL GROUP - which is the area that participates in chemical reactions

6. alcohols
acids
bases

8. Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. Its chemical formula is HCO2H.
It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in ant venom. Its name comes from the Latin word for ant, formica, referring to its early isolation by the distillation of ant bodies.
A major use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.

9. 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids
MACROMOLECULES important to life
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
As we go through each of them, try to remember these things
1. What is the basic monomer and what is the polymer?
2. Where do you find these molecules?

10. 1. CARBOHYDRATES
-monosaccharides - simple ring sugars, glucose and fructose
-disaccharides - two monosaccharides combined, sucrose and lactose
-polysaccharides - polymers (long chains of repeating units) of monosaccharides

11. Polysaccharides store energy:
starch (plants)  
glycogen (animals)

12. Pentoses - 5 carbon sugars, arranged in a ring
DNA!

13. Polysaccharides are also structural molecules
cellulose - makes up cell walls (plants)
chitin - makes up exoskeletons
             

14. Fats & Oils are made of subunits – glycerol and fatty acids
2. Lipids 
Hydrophobic (insoluble in water) Used for insulation and long term energy storage (fat)* 
Fats & Oils are made of subunits – glycerol and fatty acids 
Waxes – mainly used for covering and protection
Watch what happens when a soap hits the hydrophobic milk.

15. Phospholipids - 
Important structural component of the cell membrane 

16. Steroids - cholesterol & sex hormones (estrogen & testosterone) – made of 4 fused rings

17. Saturated fats contain no double bonds, solid at room temperature;
Unsaturated have double bonds that “kink” the molecule,  liquid at room temperature

19. 3.  Proteins
Polymers made of amino acids, which are joined by peptide bonds  - proteins are also called polypeptides
Amino acids form a wide variety of structures, mainly building blocks for living tissue
Also used for:
Support |  Enzymes | Transport | Defense | Hormones | Motion

20. Proteins can be denatured, heat causes it to lose its shape, and its functionality
There are 20 known amino acids

21. Proteins have four shapes
Primary | Secondary | Tertiary | Quaternary

22. Nucleic Acids Informational polymers made of individual nucleotides
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) & RNA (ribonucleic acid)   
Each nucleotide consists of:
1.  A sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
2.  A phosphate
3.  A nitrogen base          
  - adenine          
  - thymine         
   - guanine         
   - cytosine        
    - uracil (in RNA)

24. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - high energy molecule, bonds broken to release energy

25. MATCHING
a.  carbohydrate     b.  lipids c.  protein               d.  nucleic acids
1.  contains adenine and thymine 2.  lactose 3.  chains of amino acids 4.  long term energy storage 5.  cholesterol 6.  chains of fatty acids and glycerol 7.  plant cell walls