1. The Beginning of Reconstruction
End of Civil War
The Beginning of
Reconstruction

2. Bell Work
The ultimate goal of the Civil War was to reunify the United States, and establish the existence of Diety Pierce Horton…predict three things that will be necessary in order to do so…

3. A. North Achieves Victory
1. Northern victory at Vicksburg secures control of Mississippi River and promotes Ulysses S. Grant to command all Union forces

5. 2. U. S. Victory at Gettysburg crushes Confederate General Robert E
2. U.S. Victory at Gettysburg crushes Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s strength and turns tide of war to the Union advantage

8. Gettysburg Address

9. Grant begins to pursue Lee into Virginia
William Tecumseh Sherman marches from Tennessee to Eastern Coast (burns Atlanta) creating mile-wide path of destruction – demoralizes South

10. 5. The South Crumbles Desertions increase Starvation / no war supplies
Disillusionment
Landscape devastated

11. 6. South Surrenders
Grant’s troops advance upon Lee’s troops at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia
April 1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant
Civil War is over

13. B. Immediate Effects of War
Over 600,000 killed
Hundreds of thousands permanently disabled

14. 2. End to Slavery
Lincoln and Congress pass the 13th Amendment – prohibits slavery in America
Over 3 million people freed
Lincoln creates “Freedman’s Bureau” to help newly freed men and women (education, family reunification, housing, etc.)

16. 4. North prospers, the South is destroyed
5. Congress is dominated by Northern Republicans (southern states do not have representation in Congress)
6. Lincoln is assasinated several days after the surrender at Appomattox by Southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth

19. What are 3 things you would require the South to do to let them become a full state again?

20. Reconstruction
New President Andrew Johnson and the Republican Congress conflict on how to reconstruct the union
a. Johnson too lenient
b. Congress wants to punish the South

21. Congress passes massive Reconstruction legislation
Civil Rights Act: protects the civil rights of Blacks in the South
14th Amendment: guaranteed citizenship rights to ALL Americans
Wade-Davis Bill: states that Southern states won’t be re-admitted to the Union until a majority of their voting population takes a loyalty oath to union and state constitutions must guarantee civil rights of Blacks
15th Amendment: guaranteed right to vote for all American men
Military Reconstruction Act: divided the South into 5 districts that would be controlled by Union military leaders until states were readmitted

23. Johnson’s opposition to Congressional Acts
leads Congress to impeach Johnson

24. 4. Southern reaction to Reconstruction
Hostility and anger towards Northerners and Blacks
Creates “Black Codes” to severely restrict rights of newly freed people (ex: vagrancy laws, curfews, etc.)

25. c. Voting restrictions were imposed against Black Americans
Poll taxes – pay to vote
Literacy tests – must read to vote
Grandfather Clause – you could only vote if your Grandfather voted in the Election of 1860

27. d. Southern plantation owners use sharecropping system to manipulate black labor

28. Groups like the KKK form to oppress, intimidate, terrorize black population and Northerners (worked to prevent voting rights, used “lynch law”)

30. 5. Reconstruction efforts fade by the 1870s – all Southern states are allowed back into the union even though oppression and inequality for blacks in South was stronger than ever