1. Nutrition Across the Lifespan

2. 1- Cut pages out
2- Tape/glue together
3- Fold accordion style

3. Pregnancy Growth and development occurring:
What growth and development is 
occurring in a woman’s body when she is pregnant?
Growth and development occurring:
A woman of normal body mass index (BMI) is recommended to gain pounds.
Infant
Placenta
Energy stores
Water
3-5 lbs are gained in the first trimester, and then gradually after that.

4. Pregnancy Energy requirements and physical activity:
How does physical activity (energy/calorie consumption) change in pregnancy?
How does pregnancy change the nutritional needs of a woman?
Energy requirements and physical activity:
Energy requirement increases:
Exact calorie need varies based on trimester
Average increase of 300 calories per day
Physical activity:
Women should remain physically active as long as no complications arise.
Activity should be safe and appropriate

5. Pregnancy Specific nutrient requirements: Folic acid Choline Vitamin A
What nutrients are extra important for a pregnant woman?
Specific nutrient requirements:
Folic acid
Choline
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Calcium
Iron
Fluoride
Sodium

6. Pregnancy Important foods: Folic acid:
In addition to a balanced diet, what foods should a pregnant woman focus on eating?
Important foods:
Folic acid:
Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Choline:
Meat, poultry, fish, dairy foods, pasta, rice, and egg-based dishes

7. Pregnancy
How many additional daily calories, on average, does a pregnant woman need?
Name two nutrients that are especially important during pregnancy.
What are the recommendations for physical activity during pregnancy?
Give an example of a healthy snack a woman could have to provide an additional 300 calories during pregnancy.
What is the recommended weight gain for a woman of a normal BMI?
Why is folic acid important for women during pregnancy? 

8. Infancy Growth and development occurring: Muscles Brain Coordination
What kind of growth and development occurs in the first year of life?
Growth and development occurring:
Muscles
Brain
Coordination
Simple speech and noises
Self-feeding
Chewing and swallowing foods of different consistency

9. Infancy Energy requirements and physical activity:
How much food is required for babies to grow?
Energy requirements and physical activity:
Energy needs increase
Babies are intuitively able to monitor their food intake.
As long as growth follows a normal pattern, no intervention is needed.
Physical activity
No formal physical activity is required.
Provide play space so the baby can learn to move, roll over, crawl, and even start walking.

10. Specific nutrient requirements:
Infancy
What single food item meets 100% of the nutritional needs of an infant?
Specific nutrient requirements:
Breastmilk or formula should be fed exclusively for the first 6 months.
Begin to supplement with foods appropriate for their development around 6 months of age.
Start with pureed foods with a smooth consistency, move to finger foods, and slowly add foods that require more chewing.
Do not feed infants honey, cow's milk, or anything posing a choking hazard

11. Infancy Important foods: Breastmilk or formula
Pureed or cooked and softened
Small, soft pieces as baby grows

12. Infancy
What food provides 100% of an infant's nutrition the first 6 or more months of life?
How long is it recommended that infants are exclusively fed breast milk or formula?
Name two foods that are not appropriate for infants.
What physical changes happen in the first year of life?
How does an infant’s cognitive abilities change during the first year of life?
How can a parent know if their infant is eating enough food? 

13. Early Childhood Growth and development occurring: Physical:
How is the body physically changing from ages 1-5?
How are cognitive skills and abilities changing?
Growth and development occurring:
Physical:
Increased height and weight
Learning to walk, run, skip, etc.
Cognitive:
Learning to talk
Brain development
Increased coordination (gross and fine motor skills)
Expanding ability to control behavior

14. Early Childhood Energy requirements and physical activity:
How much physical activity should kids have from ages 1-5?
Energy requirements and physical activity:
Energy needs are high
Portion sizes vary based on age and activity level
In general, a portion size for a child is ½ that of an adult.
½ slice of bread, ½ cup of fruits and vegetables etc. 
Physical activity
60 minutes per day
Does not need to be structured
Encourage play
Nature walk, playing games, skip, etc. 

15. Early Childhood Specific nutrient requirements: Iron Calcium Zinc
What foods or nutrients do you think are important for kids aged 1-5?
Specific nutrient requirements:
Iron
Calcium
Zinc

16. Early Childhood Important foods:
Is it easy for parents to have young children eat healthy?
What are kids learning about foods at this age?
Important foods:
Serve dairy options with less sugar or unflavored
Focus on whole fruits with a rainbow of colors; limit fruit juice
Offer at least half the grains as whole grains
Seafood, lean meats, poultry, beans, and eggs
Red, orange, and dark green vegetables

17. Early Childhood
What physical changes are occurring in early childhood?
How are cognitive abilities changing in early childhood?
What are some good physical activities for this age group?
Name two strategies to improve healthy eating in early childhood.
It is the parents role to prepare and offer the food. What role does the child have in making decisions with eating?
What nutrients are especially important in this age group?

18. Growth and development occurring:
Middle Childhood
Do you think this age group will have more physical growth or more cognitive growth?
Growth and development occurring:
Physical growth slows in this stage.
Cognitive changes increase in preparation for adolescence.
Adjusting to school activities
Being more social outside of the home
Complex thinking skills

19. Energy requirements and physical activity:
Middle Childhood
What kind of physical activity should kids participate in from age 5 until ages 9-12?
Energy requirements and physical activity:
Energy needs decrease
Growth generally slows at this time.
Energy required mostly for maintenance.
Physical activity
60 minutes per day is recommended
Ability to participate in extra-curricular physical activities increases

20. Specific nutrient requirements:
Middle Childhood
What age group begins having influence from friends regarding health and eating habits?
Specific nutrient requirements:
Iron
Fiber
Calcium
Vitamin D

21. Middle Childhood Important foods: Video: Healthy Kids Learn Better
Why is it important to have a healthy school lunch and physical activity at school?
Important foods:
Video: Healthy Kids Learn Better

22. Middle Childhood
What physical changes are occurring in middle childhood?
How are cognitive abilities changing?
How much daily physical activity is recommended?
What is an example of healthy foods kids can select when eating at a restaurant?
What nutrients are important for this group to assist in their growth?
What is an example of a healthy snack kids can have that will also help meet their nutrient needs?

23. Teenage Years Growth and development occurring: Physical Psychosocial
What are some of the changes that occur in the teenage years?
Growth and development occurring:
Physical
Sexual maturation, increased height and weight, accumulation of muscle mass, and changes in body composition
Psychosocial
Increased awareness of body image and peer influence
Cognitive
Young adolescence have egocentric thinking and impulsive behavior and then move into more abstract reasoning
Adolescent Development: The Art of Growing Up

24. Teenage Years Energy requirements and physical activity:
How can you engage in 60 minutes of physical activity per day?
What factors influence energy requirements for teenagers?
Energy requirements and physical activity:
Overall energy needs increase
Vary based on age, gender, sexual maturity, and physical activity
Recommended physical activity
60 minutes per day

25. Teenage Years Specific nutrient requirements: Folate
What nutrients promote and support stages of physical growth?
Specific nutrient requirements:
Folate
Vitamins A, B6, C and E
Iron
Zinc
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Calcium
Fiber

26. Teenage Years Important foods: Inadequate consumption is common.
Do you regularly meet the dietary recommendations for your stage of life?
If not, where do you fall short?
Important foods:
Inadequate consumption is common.
Following MyPlate recommendations will meet nutrient requirements.
*Meal skipping, unconventional or non-nutritive supplements, and fad dieting are common health-compromising patterns.

27. Teenage Years
What physical changes are occurring during the teenage years?
How are cognitive abilities changing?
What three things impact energy needs?
Name three nutrients that are important to teenagers and why.
What food groups are frequently inadequate in this age group?
Name two healthy snacks teens could have after school.

28. Adulthood Growth and development occurring:
Once an individual becomes an adult, are there growth and development changes?
If so, what changes occur in the adult body?
Growth and development occurring:
The brain finishes maturing around age 25
Main goal in adulthood is to maintain physical and mental capacity
Body continues to gain bone density until 25, and muscular strength peaks around years
Dexterity, flexibility, sensory and perceptual abilities (taste and hearing) decrease and may become noticeable by age 40

29. Adulthood Energy requirements and physical activity:
Do energy (calorie) needs increase or decrease in adulthood?
What challenges come in maintaining a healthy body?
Energy requirements and physical activity:
Energy (calorie) needs decrease:
Exact calorie needs vary based on age, gender, and physical activity level
Metabolism and energy requirements generally decrease by 2% each decade
Physical activity:
Successful weight management comes through healthy lifestyle practices
150 minutes of moderate activity is recommended each week

30. Specific nutrient requirements:
Adulthood
Using the knowledge you’ve gained from other lifecycle stages, what nutrients would be important for adults?
Specific nutrient requirements:
Fiber
Vitamins A, D, and E
Folic acid
Calcium
Potassium
Iron
Necessary to maintain muscle, bone, metabolism, digestive, and mental health.

31. Adulthood Important foods:
What foods will help ensure nutrient requirements are met in adulthood?
Important foods:
Whole grains and fortified cereals for folic acid and iron.
Yogurt, milk, or calcium fortified soy beverage
for calcium, potassium, and vitamins A and D.
A variety of colors.
Lean meats, seafood, legumes, and nuts.

32. Adulthood What physical changes are occurring in adulthood?
What age does the brain finish maturing?
What are physical activity recommendations for adults?
Name three different foods an adult could have to increase their fiber intake.
Why is physical activity important at this time?
Describe a meal an adult could have that has all five food groups.

33. Senior Years Growth and development occurring: Loss of muscle mass
What physical changes take place in senior years?
Growth and development occurring:
Loss of muscle mass
Change in taste, ability to chew
Thirst declines
Hunger and satiety cues are weaker
Decline in physical ability and sometimes cognitive as well

34. Senior Years Energy requirements and physical activity: Energy
What makes it difficult for seniors to engage in physical activity?
Energy requirements and physical activity:
Energy 
Metabolism and energy needs generally decrease.
Physical activity
It’s important to maintain activity as much as possible to maintain physical strength.
Health problems can make physical activity difficult.

35. Senior Years Specific nutrient requirements: Vitamins A, D, E, and K
Choline
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium
MyPlate For Older Adults

36. Senior Years Important foods:
Diets are typically low in these food groups
Many in this age group consume enough protein

37. Senior Years What physical changes occur during senior years?
How can cognitive abilities change in senior years?
Why can physical activity be difficult for the elderly?
Name three nutrients that are important during the senior years.
Why are nutrient-dense foods even more important in senior years?
What food groups need to be increased in this population to help ensure they are receiving adequate nutrients?