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Self Introduction Dr. Sou Veasna

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1 Self Introduction Dr. Sou Veasna
IMBA & PhD, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Prof. USEA and PUC

2 Grading Policy Criteria Percent Attendance 10
Quizzes + Project Presentation 20 Mid-term Exam Final Exam 50 TOTAL 100

3 មេរៀនទី១-សេចក្តីផ្តើមនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ
1 Research Methodology វិធីសាស្រ្តការស្រាវជ្រាវ មេរៀនទី១-សេចក្តីផ្តើមនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ Sou Veasna, PhD

4 គោលបំណងរួមនៃការសិក្សាមុខវិជ្ជាវិធីសាស្រ្តការស្រាវជ្រាវ
ផ្តល់ឲ្យនិស្សិត៖ ពង្រីកចំណេះដឹងអំពីការប្រឈរមុខនូវបញ្ហានិងវិធីសាស្រ្តក្នុងការសំរេចចិត្ត។ បង្កើតវិធីសាស្រ្តនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ (ឧ. អាជីវកម្ម​​ គំរោង បញ្ចប់ការសិក្សា...។ល។ របៀបនៃការធ្វើផែនការនូវដំណើរការនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ

5 ១. តើហេតុអ្វីបានជាចំាបាច់សិក្សាអំពីវិធីសាស្រ្តការស្រាវជ្រាវ
១. តើហេតុអ្វីបានជាចំាបាច់សិក្សាអំពីវិធីសាស្រ្តការស្រាវជ្រាវ? Why do we need to research? បង្កើតនូវចំណាប់អារម្មណ៍និងដើម្បីបង្កើនចំណេះដឹងថ្មី រៀននូវអ្វីដែលថ្មី មានជំនាញក្នុងការដោះស្រាយបញ្ហានិងវិធីសាស្រ្តក្នុងការសំរេចចិត្ត ដើម្បើកាត់បន្ថយនូវកំរិតហានិភ័យ (Risk or uncertainty) ។ to pursue your interests and to increase our knowledge, to learn something new, to hone your problem-solving skills and to challenge yourself in new ways.

6 ២. តើអ្វីទៅដែលហៅថាការស្រាវជ្រាវ (Research)?
​ការស្រាវជ្រាវគឺជា“ប្រព័ន្ធវិធីសាស្រ្តក្នុងការទទួលបានចំណេះដឹង ថ្មីនិង អាចជឿទុកចិត្តបាន“​​ (Ethridge,1995) ។ ការស្រាវជ្រាវ គឺ ការស្វែងរក ឬ បង្កើតចំណេះដឹង (មានសុពលភាព--Valid ) ។ ការស្រាវជ្រាវគឺជាប្រព័ន្ធដំណើរការ នៃការប្រមូលនិង វិភាគ ពត៌មាន (ទិន្នន័យ)។ Ethridge (1995) defines research as “the systematic approach to obtaining new and reliable knowledge” (p. 16). Research is the search for or creation of (valid) knowledge. Knowledge is what is believed to be true about something, what is believed to be a correct understanding of something.

7 ៣. តើអ្វីទៅដែលហៅថាវិធីសាស្រ្តការស្រាវជ្រាវ (Research Methodology)?
… ការប្រមូលនិងវិភាគទិន្ន័យ វិធីសាស្រ្តដែលបានបង្កើតឡើងដើម្បីអភិវឌ្ឍន៍ចំណេះដឹងគួរឲ្យទុកចិត្តបានតាមរយៈនីតិវិធី​អាចទុកចិត្តបាន (reliable) និងមាន​សុពលភាព (valid) the ways one collects and analyzes data methods developed for acquiring trustworthy knowledge via reliable and valid procedures

8 គ្មានកំរិតនៃការជឿជាក់និងគ្មានៃសុពលភាព(Not Reliable and​ not Valid)

9 មានកំរិតនៃការជឿជាក់ប៉ុន្តែគ្មានសុពលភាព(Reliable, but not Valid)

10 មានកំរិតនៃការជឿជាក់និងមានសុពលភាព(Reliable and valid)

11 ៤. វិធីសាស្រ្តការស្រាវជ្រាវ (Research Methodology)
ជាឧបករណ៍ សំខាន់សម្រាប់ការរៀបចំ ដើម្បីសម្រួលដល់ ដំណើរការនៃការសំរេចចិត្ត ការគ្រប់គ្រង គ្រប់ទិដ្ឋភាពទាំងអស់ នៃអាជីវកម្ម : ការ ហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ទីផ្សារ និង​ធនធានមនុស្ស​ជាដើម។ Research method is the application of the scientific method in searching for the truth about business phenomena. Business research is: an essential tool for designing to facilitate the managerial decision-making process for all aspects of the business: Finance, marketing, HR, and so on. to decrease business risk and maximize business performance . to provides information to guide business decisions.

12 ដើម្បីកាត់បន្ថយ ហានិភ័យនៃ អាជីវកម្មនិង បង្កើនការអនុវត្ត អាជីវកម្ម។

13 ដើម្បី ផ្តល់ព័ត៌មាន ដើម្បីណែនាំ ការសម្រេចចិត្ត អាជីវកម្ម។

14 ៥. កត្តាចម្បងក្នុងការសិក្សាស្រាវជ្រាវ Important Factor of Research
តម្រង់ទិសផលិតផល (Product-oriented) Will be here

15 តម្រង់ទិស ផលិតកម្ម (Production-oriented)

16 តម្រង់ទិសទីផ្សារ (Market-oriented)

17 ៦.លក្ខណៈល្អនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ Characteristics of Research
ផ្តល់នូវគោលបំណងច្បាស់លាស់ (Clearly defined purpose) លំអិតដំណាក់កាលនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ (Detailed research process) ការរៀបចំផែនការឲ្យបានច្បាស់លាស់ (Thoroughly planned design) ត្រូវមានក្រមសីលធម៌ខ្ពស់ (High ethical standards) ដែនកំណត់នៃបញ្ហា (Limitations addressed) វិធីសាស្រ្តក្នុងការវិភាគ (Adequate analysis) ការសន្និដ្ឋាន (Conclusion) Clearly defined purpose Detailed research process Thoroughly planned design High ethical standards Limitations addressed Adequate analysis Conclusions

18 ៧.ប្រភេទនៃការស្រាវជ្រាវ
Type of Research Basic Applied Research Application Descriptive Research Correlational Research Exploratory Research Research Purposes Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Data Characteristic

19 Basic vs Applied Research
Basic Research → Create or Develop Theories Attempts to expand the limits of knowledge (បំណងដើម្បីពង្រីកចំណេះដឹងមានកំរិត) Not directly involved in the solution to a pragmatic problem. (ការដោះស្រាយបញ្ហាមានលក្ខណៈប្រយោល) Example: How to reduce corruption in a country? Applied Research → Using theories to solve problems Applied research is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world, rather than to acquire knowledge. Example: treat or cure a specific disease

20 Descriptive Research The descriptive research attempts to describe, explain and interpret conditions of the present i.e. “what is’. The purpose of a descriptive research is to examine a phenomenon that is occurring at a specific place(s) and time. A descriptive research is concerned with conditions, practices, structures, differences or relationships that exist, opinions held, processes that are going on or trends that are evident.

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22 Correlational Research
A correlational research design is the measurement of two or more factors to determine or estimate the extent to which the values for the factors are related or change in an identifiable pattern. The correlation coefficient is a statistic used to measure the strength and direction of the linear relationship, or correlation, between two factors. Smoke Lung Cancer

23 Correlational Research
The value of r can range from −1.0 to +1.0. It is extremely rare to find a perfect correlation between two variables, but the closer the correlation is to -1 or +1, the stronger the correlation is. If two variables have a correlation of zero, it means the variables have no relationship to one another.

24 Correlational Research
Level of correlation (r): The correlation is very strong / very high The correlation is strong / high The correlation is medium The correlation is weak / low The correlation is very weak / very low

25 Exploratory Research Exploratory research is a research conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined. It often occurs before we know enough to make conceptual distinctions or posit an explanatory relationship. It helps to determine the best research design, data collection method and selection of subjects.

26 Exploratory Techniques
Secondary Data Analysis Experience Surveys While there are several types of exploratory techniques possible these are the three techniques with the widest applications for business researchers. Secondary data analysis is also called a literature search. Within secondary data exploration, researchers should start first with an organization’s own data archives. The second source of secondary data is published documents prepared by authors outside the sponsor organization. Experience surveys are semistructured or unstructured interviews with experts on a topic or a dimension of a topic. Focus groups are discussions on a topic involving a small group of participants led by a trained moderator. Focus Groups

27 ការសិក្សាតាមបែបគុណភាព​និងមរិមាណ
Deduction (Quantitative) មរិមាណ Induction (Qualitative) គុណភាព Source: Trochim, W. M. K. and Donnelly, J. P. (2007) Research methods : the concise knowledge base, 3e, Atomic Dog Pub., Cincinnati, Ohio

28 Summary: Quantitative vs Qualitative Research
Criteria Qualitative Quantitative Objectives Underlying reason and motivation Discover new phenomena Develop a new theory Quantify data and generate results Theory testing Sample Size Small samples Large samples Data Collection Interview (in-dept/focus group) Structure/un-structure/semi-structure Survey Structure—Questionnaire design Data Analysis Non-statistic Coding procedures (VIVO Software) Statistical data Statistical tool/analysis (SPSS, STATA) Results Exploratory/investigation No recommendation Conclusion Recommendation Qualitative: To gain an understanding of underlying reasons and motivations To provide insights into the setting of a problem, generating ideas and/or hypotheses for later quantitative research To uncover prevalent trends in thought and opinion Quantitative: To quantify data and generalize results from a sample to the population of interest To measure the incidence of various views and opinions in a chosen sample Sometimes followed by qualitative research which is used to explore some findings further

29 ការសិក្សាតាមបែបមរិមាណ

30 ការសិក្សាតាមបែបគុណភាព​
Individual Focus Group

31 សំណួរ៖ តើហេតុអ្វីបានជាអ្នកជ្រើសរើសសាកលវិទ្យាល័យ សៅស៍អ៊ីសថ៍អេយសៀ?

32 Category (ប្រភេទ) Number of Responses (ចំនួនអ្នកឆ្លើយ) Percentage (ភាគរយ​ ) មានអ្នកនែនាំ (មិត្តភ័ក្រ និងក្រុមគ្រួសារ) 18 20.00% បទបង្ហាញតាមវិទ្យាល័យ 4 4.44% គុណភាព&វិន័យ 12 13.33% បរិស្ថានល្អ 1 1.11% វិធិបង់ថ្លៃសិក្សា អាហាររូបករណ៍/បញ្ចុះតម្លៃសិក្សា 13 14.44% ទីតាំងជិតផ្ទះ 9 10.00% សេវាកម្មល្អ ដៃគូរច្រើន 3 3.33% សាស្រ្តាចារ្យល្អ ជំនាញច្រើន សាកលវិទ្យាល័យមានតែមួយ ឱកាសរៀនក្រៅប្រទេស សញ្ញាបត្រមានការទទួលស្គាល់ ពង្រឹងសមត្ថភាពពេញលេញ 5 5.56% Total: 46 Students 90 (Frequency) 100%

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