1. The American civil War
SOL 7

2. Causes of the Civil War
Sectional disagreements and debates over tariffs, extension of slavery into the territories, and the nature of the Union (states’ rights)
Northern abolitionists vs. Southern defenders of slavery
Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
United States Supreme Court decision in the Dred Scott case
A series of failed compromises over the expansion of slavery in the territories and the Fugitive Slave Act
The events of the 1850s, combined with the lack of strong presidential leadership, led to the secession of Southern states.
Sectional tensions, originating with the formation of the nation, ultimately resulted in war between the Northern and Southern states.

3. Major Events
Election of Lincoln as president of the United States (1860), followed by the secession of several Southern states that feared Lincoln would try to abolish slavery

4. Advantages & Disadvantages

5. 1861 Fort Sumter: Opening confrontation of the Civil War
Battle of Manassas (Bull Run)

7. 1862
Peninsula Campaign
Emancipation Proclamation: Issued after the Battle of Antietam
Fredericksburg- Worse loss in American military history

8. Emancipation Proclamation
Developed after enslaved African Americans given asylum at Fort Monroe were declared “contraband of war”
Freed those slaves located in the “rebelling” states (Southern states that had seceded)
Made the abolition of slavery a Northern war aim
Discouraged any interference of foreign governments
Allowed for the enlistment of African American soldiers in the Union Army

10. 1863
Gettysburg: Turning point of the Civil War

11. Gettysburg Address
Lincoln described the Civil War as a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people.”

13. End of the War 1864-1865 Sherman’s March to the Sea
Appomattox: Site of Lee’s surrender to Grant

14. Impact of the War on Citizens
African Americans
African Americans served in the Union Army and Navy following the implementation of the Emancipation Proclamation.
African Americans served as a part of contraband armies and aboard Union naval ships.
Enslaved African Americans seized the opportunity presented by the approach of Union troops to achieve freedom.
Many fought with distinction and were eventually paid salaries that were equal to those of white soldiers.

15. Impact of the War on Citizens
Common soldiers
Warfare often involved hand-to-hand combat.
After the war, especially in the South, soldiers returned home to find destroyed homes and poverty. Soldiers on both sides lived with permanent disabilities.
Women
Managed homes and families with scarce resources
Often faced poverty and hunger as evidenced by Bread Riots in Richmond, Virginia
Assumed new roles in agriculture, nursing, and war industries