1. TYPE OF CD PROGRAM CD program under government agencies
Planned and implemented through the functions of various government agencies
With participation of community

2. Participatory and bottom-up approach of development
Eg. Group farming (Department
of Agriculture)
Mini estate (RISDA)

3. CD program under local government (Kerajaan tempatan)
Normally associated with political
institutions
eg. JKKK, Pemuda UMNO, MCA,
MIC etc

4. Institutions as vehicles for resource mobilisation
Important for leadership development

5. 3. CD programs under NGO Have specific mission and vision
Not restricted to government rules and procedures
eg. ABIM – CD programs such as Tadika, Outreach programs, religious classes.
- Community Association in a territory
(Persatuan Penduduk)

6. 4. Volunteer CD Program Based on volunteer associations
Very diverse mission and vision
Eg. ‘Gotong-royong’ Rotary club
Tuition classes Youth club
Exercise program for Women’s Club
old folks Pensioners Club

7. 5. At the international level during the 70’s and 80’s – there was ‘peace corp’ program, volunteers from US and Japan, went to developing countries.

8. PRINCIPLES IN CD Based on local problems
Dengue - Self-help program to combat the
fever breeding of aedes mosquitoes
Poverty - Income-generating program at
the local level

9. 2. Every individual is a human resource
2. Every individual is a human resource. Therefore, CD is an HRD process
3. Goal of CD is to help people to improve their livelihood.

10. 4. Leadership is important in CD, because it gives direction to people.
5. Expenses in CD is a kind of investment.
- participatory approach of
development

11. 7. CD should start from the grass root level, then expands to district and state levels.
8. CD based on felt needs. Therefore, the role of CD worker is to change unfelt to felt needs.