2. The study of life, knowledge, problems, reality, & reason
Philosophers = “lovers of wisdom”
Sophists =“workers of wisdom”

3. Professional teachers who traveled Greek city-states
Charged fees for their teaching

4. 470 – 399 BCE
Critic of Sophists but popular with Athens’ youth

5. Socrates’ teaching method
Continuous questions
Designed to foster deep understandings
Encourages critical thinking

6. Put on trial for corrupting the youth
Sentenced to death & drank poison hemlock

7. 427 – 348 BCE
Student of Socrates
Preserved continued his work
Author of The Republic
Founded a school – The Academy

8. Founded in Athens
Described as the 1st European university

9. Plato’s story about what is reality and our perception of it.
A good description of the Allegory of the Cave and what it means can be found here:
It’s best to explain the story to students rather than give notes about it here I’ve found.

10. BCE
Student at Plato’s Academy
Developed Logic as a field of study
Tutored Alexander the Great

11. Tutored Alexander the Great
Opened The Lyceum – a school
Influential ideas on government & science

12. Encouraged deep thought The Scientific Method and tests on ideas
Critical thinking about government and rule
Good short review video here:

13. What has the biggest influence on intelligence – intuition, reason, or observation? Explain.
Note – Socrates believed most in intuition, Plato supported reason, and Aristotle was a believer in observation. Have students make connections to these philosphers based on their answers.