1. Antebellum Reforms
AP US History

2. Second Great Awakening CC #15 3:18 to 6:13
Event
Rebirth of religion in the early 1800s
Cause
Society wasn’t as religious in the Revolutionary Era so Americans returned to their religious roots
Empowerment of common people
Evangelical preachers and camp meetings (Charles Finney, Peter Cartwright)
Results
Attempts to improve American society; numerous reform movements
New American religions: Mormons, Millerites

3. None of the utopias worked out
Attempts to create a perfect society in American life
New Harmony – socialist experiment
Brook Farm – intellectual community
Oneida – “free love”
Shakers – no reproduction
None of the utopias worked out

4. Reforms (CC 15 6:10-8:15) Attempts to improve or “perfect” society
Temperance (1) – American Temperance Society
Prisons (1) – Dorothea Dix
Schools (1) – Horace Mann

5. Practice Question
Evaluate differences between the First Great Awakening and the Second Great Awakening. (Doc A,B)

6. One difference between the Great Awakenings was the First Great Awakening resulted in people challenging government viewpoints while the Second Great Awakening inspired social reform. The First Great Awakening questioned traditional religious beliefs and created a number of new churches. Preachers like George Whitefield wanted people to form their own religious views. These ideas would later spread to government and ideas of independence in religious thought would encourage citizens to challenge England’s political authority. In contrast, the Second Great Awakening inspired social reform. Religious revivals inspired reformers in many areas like temperance. According to the cartoon by Nathaniel Currier, alcohol was a problem often resulting in death (Doc B). His purpose was to point out the hardships alcohol abuse caused many Americans. Many people like Currier were inspired by religion to fix America’s problems after the Second Great Awakening. Therefore, each Great Awakening resulted in a different outcome, the First Great Awakening changed political views and the Second Great Awakening caused social reform.

7. Abolitionists American Colonization Society
David Walker, The Appeal – violent overthrow
William Lloyd Garrison / The Liberator
radical to mainstream transition
Frederick Douglass

8. Slave Life physical abuse ill clothed, ill housed, ill fed
busy/difficult lives
no legal rights
not educated
mixed African/American culture & religion
significance of religion and song
somewhat normal family life under circumstances
family division

9. Slave Resistance breaking tools burning buildings running away
violence & revolts
Nat Turner’s Revolt (1831) (trailer)
fear of future rebellions
working slow

10. Defense of Slavery Gag Order (1836-1844) Economics Legal
England and North are based on cotton
wage slaves v. real slaves
slaves as property
Legal
Liberty (freedom for or freedom from)
constitutionally protected?
states rights v. federal rights
property protections
Social /Cultural
Racism
Religion – slavery in The Bible
Cultural – “civilizing the savages”

11. Practice Question
Evaluate the causes (or results) of the abolition movement prior to the Civil War. (Doc C, G)

12. One major result of the abolition movement in increasing sectional tension between the North and South. Many people from the North became abolitionists. William Lloyd Garrison was an ardent abolitionist and published an abolitionist newspaper. Garrison argued that the North should not compromise and only immediate abolition would be acceptable (Doc C). His audience was southerners who wanted to keep slaves and northerners who were lukewarm about the issue. His views represented a growing number of northerners who wanted to end slavery and he scared the South. George Fitzhugh wrote a defense of slavery and explained that slavery was necessary because he believed African Americans were inferior and unable to care for themselves (Doc G). The historical context of his statement was the growing abolitionist movement in the North led by Garrison potentially threatened the southern way of life. Therefore, one result of the abolition movement was increased sectional conflict between the North and the South.

13. Women’s Rights Early Republic: Republican Motherhood
Cult of Domesticity
Social Limitations
Economic Limitations
Political Limitations
Actions:
Seneca Falls Convention
Declaration of Rights and Sentiments
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Outcomes

14. Practice Question
Evaluate continuities in the women’s rights movement prior to the Civil War. (Doc D, E, F)

15. One continuity in the women’s rights movement was that they continued to face discrimination in the era before the Civil War. In 1787, Benjamin Rush argued that women needed to educated only enough to teach their sons about citizenship (Doc D). His purpose was to encourage the idea of Republican Motherhood where women didn’t participate in government, but did instruct their boys on how to be part of government. This type of discrimination persisted in the Antebellum Era. In 1848, Elizabeth Cady Stanton wrote the Declaration of Sentiments listing grievances towards men (Doc F). Her audience was the government and she demanded equal rights for women, however little changed. Finally, Lucy Stone pointed out that women were legally dead once they were married (Doc E). The historical context for her statement was nothing had improved after the Declaration of Sentiments was published at the Seneca Falls Convention. Therefore, women were continually denied rights before the Civil War.

16. Women’s Rights – CC 16 8:55 to end Abolition – CC 15 8:15 to end
Review
Women’s Rights – CC 16 8:55 to end Abolition – CC 15 8:15 to end

17. Cult of Domesticity

18. Seneca Falls Convention - 1848
Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Their purpose was to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women. They wanted to publicize the second class status of women.
Over 300 attended.
A series of declarations was passed. The issue of women’s suffrage met serious opposition until Frederick Douglass convinced the delegates to pass a declaration demanding it.
The Declaration of Sentiments was based of the Declaration of Independence and was the most famous declaration made at the convention.
Only one Convention attendee, 19 year Charlotte Woodward lived to see the 19th Amendment pass in 1920.

19. Turner’s Rebellion

20. William Lloyd Garrison

21. Frederick Douglass

22. Temperance

23. Dorothea Dix Tranquility Chair

24. One Room Schoolhouse

25. Horace Mann McGuffey Reader

26. Abolition: Biggest Reform Movement