1. What were the causes and effects of the Second Great Awakening and the various reform movements that swept the nation in the first half of the 19 th century? Chapter 8 U.S. History I Essential Question

2. Revival A religious gathering designed to reawaken faith through impassioned preaching.

3. Seneca Falls Convention A women’s rights convention held in New York in 1848.

4. Strike A work stoppage intended to force an employer to respond to demands.

5. Temperance Movement An organized effort to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages.

6. Transcendentalism A philosophical and literary movement of 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination.

7. Gag Rule A rule limiting or preventing debate on an issue.

8. Utopian Communities An experimental community designed to be a perfect society on which its members could live together in harmony

9. Antebellum Belonging to the period before the Civil War.

10. Abolition A movement to end slavery.

11. Cult of Domestically A belief that married women should restrict their activities to their home and family.

12. Cottage Industry A system of production in which manufacturers provide the materials for goods to be produced at home.

13. Civil Disobedience The refusal to obey those laws which are seen as unjust in an effort to bring about change in government policy.

14. Sojourner Truth Decided to sojourn throughout the country preaching and later arguing for abolition.

15. Charles Grandison Finney Most famous preacher of the era. Inspired emotional religious faith, used drama in his prayers and sermons.

16. Second Great Awakening Religious movement that swept the United States in the 1830s.

17. William Lloyd Garrison Active in religious reform movements started the newspaper The Liberator a strong abolitionist founded the New England Anti- Slavery Society in 1832.

18. Dorothea Dix Compelled by personal experience to join the movement for social reforms especially in the prisons and mental institutions.

19. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Organizer of the Women’s Rights Convention in 1848.

20. Emancipation The freeing of slaves.

21. Frederick Douglass Born into slavery learned to read and write from the wife of one of the owners. Began the anti-slavery paper The North Star.